ENT

Question 1

● Swelling around the eyes may result from allergens, local inflammation, fluid retaining disorders, crying

Answer 1

periorbital edema

Question 2

● occurs when there is damage to the inner ear (cochlea), or to the nerve pathways from the inner ear to the brain.

Answer 2

Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL)

Question 3

● occurs when sound is not conducted efficiently through the outer ear canal to the eardrum and the tiny bones (ossicles) of the middle ear.

Answer 3

Conductive hearing loss

Question 4

right eye is also known as?

Answer 4

OD - oculus dexter

Question 5

left eye is also known as?

Answer 5

OS - Oculus sinister

Question 6

both eyes are also known as?

Answer 6

• Oculus Uterque

Question 7

subjective sensation caused by: trauma, irritation, infection, neurological conditions of the eye

Answer 7

eye pain

Question 8

refers to inability to see the shape, size, position or color of objects

Answer 8

vision loss

Question 9

double vision is also known as

Answer 9

diplopia

Question 10

seeing two overlapping images because of the inability of the eyes to focus on an object & move in a conjugate manner

Answer 10

double vision

Question 11

produced by lacrimal glands, distributed by blinking

Answer 11

eye tearing

Question 12

– insufficient lubrication of the eye & the bulbar & palpebral conjunctiva becomes less moist

Answer 12

dry eyes

Question 13

is used on daily basis to remove dirt from the eyes

Answer 13

blue eye ointment

Question 14

used in infections - causes vassal constriction ( blood vessel) lead to hypertension

Answer 14

red eye ointment

Question 15

– abnormal & is commonly associated with eye infections & allergies.

Answer 15

eye drainage

Question 16

detail becomes indistinct & fuzzy

Answer 16

Blurred vission

Question 17

opens from the nasopharynx to the middle ear is shorter, wider & more horizontal in adults

Answer 17

Eustachian tube

Question 18

hearing loss associated with aging

Answer 18

presbycusis

Question 19

in inspecting the nose, what should we do?

Answer 19

● Observe the patient’s nose for position, symmetry, & color.

● Note variations, such as discoloration, swelling or deformity.

● Variations in size & shape are largely caused by differences in cartilage & in the amount of fibro adipose tissue

● Observe for nasal discharges & flaring

● If discharge is present, note the color, quantity & consistency.

● If you noticed flaring, observe for other signs of respiratory distress

● Inspect the nasal cavity

Question 20

Refers to nosebleed

Answer 20

epistaxis

Question 21

Refers to dilation that occurs during inspiration
*Normal to some extent during quiet breathing but marked regular flaring is abnormal

Answer 21

flaring

Question 22

Refers to obstruction of the nasal mucous membranes accompanied by secretions

Answer 22

Stuffiness & discharge

Question 23

secrete saliva, which contains amylase to convert starch to maltose

Answer 23

salivary glands

Question 24

anterior to the ear. Secretions help lubricate food to facilitate chewing & swallowing.

Answer 24

parotid glands

Question 25

gland that is located below the floor of the mouth

Answer 25

sublingual glands

Question 26

located at posterior corner of the mandible

Answer 26

submandibular glands

Question 27

drains the parotid glands, enters the oral cavity through the buccal mucosa, opposite the second upper molar

Answer 27

● Stensen’s duct

Question 28

– drains submandibular & sublingual salivary glands, enters the oral cavity under the tongue on the floor of the mouth

Answer 28

● Wharton’s duct

Question 29

Refers to difficulty swallowing

Answer 29

dysphagia

Question 30

Commonly known as sore throat
*Refers to any discomfort in the pharynx
*Ranges from sensation of scratchiness to severe pain

Answer 30

throat pain

Question 31

Possible causes of dysphagia

Answer 31

Esophageal disorders
*Oropharyngeal, respiratory, neurologic, or collagen disorders
*Certain toxin or treatment

Question 32

possible causes of throat pain

Answer 32

Infection (pharyngitis or tonsilitis)
*Trauma
*Allergies
*Cancer or systemic disorders
*Surgery
*Endotracheal intubation
*Mouth breathing
*Alcohol consumption
*Inhaling smoke or chemicals
*Vocal strain

Question 33

enumerate the cervical lymph nodes

Answer 33

● Preauricular – in front of the ear
● Postauricular – behind ear; superficial to mastoid process
● Occipital – base of the skull
● Tonsillar – angle of the mandible
● Submandibular - between angle & tip of mandible
● Submental – behind tip of mandible
● Superficial cervical - superficially along the sternocleidomastoid
● Posterior cervical – along edge of trapezius
● Deep anterior cervical – deep under sternocleidomastoid
● Supraclavicular –above & behind clavicle; angle formed by clavicle & sternocleidomastoid

Question 34

in assessing the neck, what does SPEND stands for?

Answer 34

Swelling
Pulsation
Enlargement
Neck Masses
Distention

Question 35

• common in smokers / suffering with asthma or dyspnea

Answer 35

jugular vein distention.

Question 36

is the labored breathing/ difficulty in breathing

Answer 36

dyspnea

Question 37

sinuses in the cheeks below the eyes

Answer 37

Maxillary

Question 38

Sinuses above eyebrows

Answer 38

Frontal

Question 39

behind the eyes & nose sinuses

Answer 39

● Ethmoidal & sphenoidal