ENT Flashcards
● Swelling around the eyes may result from allergens, local inflammation, fluid retaining disorders, crying
periorbital edema
● occurs when there is damage to the inner ear (cochlea), or to the nerve pathways from the inner ear to the brain.
Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL)
● occurs when sound is not conducted efficiently through the outer ear canal to the eardrum and the tiny bones (ossicles) of the middle ear.
Conductive hearing loss
right eye is also known as?
OD - oculus dexter
left eye is also known as?
OS - Oculus sinister
both eyes are also known as?
- Oculus Uterque
subjective sensation caused by: trauma, irritation, infection, neurological conditions of the eye
eye pain
refers to inability to see the shape, size, position or color of objects
vision loss
double vision is also known as
diplopia
seeing two overlapping images because of the inability of the eyes to focus on an object & move in a conjugate manner
double vision
produced by lacrimal glands, distributed by blinking
eye tearing
– insufficient lubrication of the eye & the bulbar & palpebral conjunctiva becomes less moist
dry eyes
is used on daily basis to remove dirt from the eyes
blue eye ointment
used in infections - causes vassal constriction ( blood vessel) lead to hypertension
red eye ointment
– abnormal & is commonly associated with eye infections & allergies.
eye drainage
detail becomes indistinct & fuzzy
Blurred vission
opens from the nasopharynx to the middle ear is shorter, wider & more horizontal in adults
Eustachian tube
hearing loss associated with aging
presbycusis
in inspecting the nose, what should we do?
● Observe the patient’s nose for position, symmetry, & color.
● Note variations, such as discoloration, swelling or deformity.
● Variations in size & shape are largely caused by differences in cartilage & in the amount of fibro adipose tissue
● Observe for nasal discharges & flaring
● If discharge is present, note the color, quantity & consistency.
● If you noticed flaring, observe for other signs of respiratory distress
● Inspect the nasal cavity
Refers to nosebleed
epistaxis
Refers to dilation that occurs during inspiration
*Normal to some extent during quiet breathing but marked regular flaring is abnormal
flaring
Refers to obstruction of the nasal mucous membranes accompanied by secretions
Stuffiness & discharge
secrete saliva, which contains amylase to convert starch to maltose
salivary glands
anterior to the ear. Secretions help lubricate food to facilitate chewing & swallowing.
parotid glands
gland that is located below the floor of the mouth
sublingual glands
located at posterior corner of the mandible
submandibular glands
drains the parotid glands, enters the oral cavity through the buccal mucosa, opposite the second upper molar
● Stensen’s duct
– drains submandibular & sublingual salivary glands, enters the oral cavity under the tongue on the floor of the mouth
● Wharton’s duct
Refers to difficulty swallowing
dysphagia
Commonly known as sore throat
*Refers to any discomfort in the pharynx
*Ranges from sensation of scratchiness to severe pain
throat pain
Possible causes of dysphagia
Esophageal disorders
*Oropharyngeal, respiratory, neurologic, or collagen disorders
*Certain toxin or treatment
possible causes of throat pain
Infection (pharyngitis or tonsilitis)
*Trauma
*Allergies
*Cancer or systemic disorders
*Surgery
*Endotracheal intubation
*Mouth breathing
*Alcohol consumption
*Inhaling smoke or chemicals
*Vocal strain
enumerate the cervical lymph nodes
● Preauricular – in front of the ear
● Postauricular – behind ear; superficial to mastoid process
● Occipital – base of the skull
● Tonsillar – angle of the mandible
● Submandibular - between angle & tip of mandible
● Submental – behind tip of mandible
● Superficial cervical - superficially along the sternocleidomastoid
● Posterior cervical – along edge of trapezius
● Deep anterior cervical – deep under sternocleidomastoid
● Supraclavicular –above & behind clavicle; angle formed by clavicle & sternocleidomastoid
in assessing the neck, what does SPEND stands for?
Swelling
Pulsation
Enlargement
Neck Masses
Distention
- common in smokers / suffering with asthma or dyspnea
jugular vein distention.
is the labored breathing/ difficulty in breathing
dyspnea
sinuses in the cheeks below the eyes
Maxillary
Sinuses above eyebrows
Frontal
behind the eyes & nose sinuses
● Ethmoidal & sphenoidal
