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HEALTH ASSESSMENT > depota na (mix midterm) > Flashcards

depota na (mix midterm) Flashcards

1
Q

Principal Methods Used to Collect Data

A

observing
interviewing
examining

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2
Q

Preparation Guidelines in Physical Assessment

A

Preparing Physical Setting or Environment
. Preparing Oneself
Preparing Equipment

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3
Q

Is soft, fine, and short

Helps body maintain a steady temp by providing
insulation

A

Vellus hair

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4
Q

Functions of Integumentary System

A
  1. Protect
  2. Immunity
  3. Fluid balance
  4. Absorption
  5. Excretion
  6. Synthesis of Vitamin D
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5
Q

a protective layer on your baby’s skin. It appears as a white, cheese-like substance.

A

vernix caseosa

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6
Q

Serious illness that causes nail growth to slow or
halt

A

Beau’s lines (transverse ridges)

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7
Q

Associated with alopecia areata, fungal
infections( pal-ak)

A

Patchy Alopecia

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8
Q

Usually caused by endocrine disorders or medication such as steroids

Hair in male patterns in female (excess facial or
trunk hair)

A

Hirsutism

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9
Q

in front of the ear lymph node

A

periauricular

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10
Q

behind ear; superficial to mastoid process lymph node

A

postauricular

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11
Q

base of the skull lymph node

A

occipital

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12
Q

angle of the mandible

A

tonsillar

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13
Q

between angle & tip of mandible

A

submandibular

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14
Q

behind tip of mandible

A

submental

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15
Q

superficially along the sternocleidomastoid

A

Superficial Cervical

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16
Q

abored breathing/ difficulty in
breathing

A

dyspnea

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17
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
Lymphatic tissue is smallest in childhood & increases in size with age.

A

largest, decreases

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18
Q

Normal palpable nodes are more likely to be found in children than in adults.(T or F)

A

T

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19
Q

Common signs of tuberculosis in children can include swollen lymph nodes in the neck region,
which may appear one or more.(T or F)

A

T

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20
Q

A palpable normal node is more likely to be a superficial node than a deep cervical one. Deep cervical nodes are normally non palpable( T or F)

A

T

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21
Q

possible causes of epistaxis (nosebleed)

A

*Coagulation disorders
*Trauma
*Other hematologic disorders
*Renal
disorders

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22
Q

normal adult male heart weight

A

Adult M= 250-390g (8.8-13.8 oz)

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23
Q

Normal adult female heart weight

A

Adult F= 200-275g (7-9.7 oz)

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24
Q

Sac that surrounds the heart and roots of the
great vessels.

A

pericardium

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25
Q

Outer layer of fibrous connective tissue

A

fibrous pericardium

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26
Q

Contains pericardial fluid (10-20ml) of serous fluis

A

Serous pericardium

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27
Q

volves blood vessels that circulate blood through the pulmonic arteries, lungs, and pulmonary veins

A

pulmonary circulation

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28
Q

Carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to
the body, and returns deoxygenated blood back
to the heart

A

systematic circulation

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29
Q

Carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart through the rest of the body except pulmoary artery (carries O2 depleted blood from right
ventricle to the lungs

A

arteries

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30
Q

A small-diameter blood vessel in the
microcirculation that extends and branches out
from an artery and leads to capillaries.

A

arterioles

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31
Q

Thin walls and highly permeable

Exchange of fluid, nutrients, and metabolic wastes between blood and cells

A

capillaries

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32
Q

A small blood vessel in the microcirculation that allows deoxygenated blood return from capillary beds to larger blood vessels called veins.

They range from 8 to 100 myumeters in diameter and are formed when capillaries come together.

A

Venules

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33
Q

Walls are thinner and more pliable than the wall of an artery.

 Carry blood toward the heart.

 Most carry CO2 depleted blood except
pulmonary veins (carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium)

 Serves as large reservoir for circulating blood.

 Contain valves at periodic intervals to prevent blood from flowing backward.

A

Veins

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34
Q

cells ability to initiate an
impulse of the heart

A

automaticity

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35
Q

respons to an impulse and
create an action potential of the heart

A

excitability

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36
Q
  • transmit an impulse
A

conductivity

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37
Q

Normal pacemaker of the heart

A

Sinoatrial (SA) Node

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38
Q

Paces at 20-40bpm

A

bundle of HIS

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39
Q

Stimulates the ventricles to contract

A

purkinje fibers

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40
Q

Series of audible, prolonged sounds resulting from turbulence created within the vascular system of the heart

A

murmurs

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41
Q

(grade the murmur) Barely audible, heard only in a quiet room & then
with difficulty

A

grade 1

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42
Q

(grade the murmur) Clearly audible, but faint

A

grade 2

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43
Q

(grade the murmur) Moderately loud, easy to hear

A

grade 3

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44
Q

(grade the murmur) Loud, associated with a thrill palpable on the
chest wall

A

grade 4

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45
Q

(grade the murmur) Very loud, heart with one corner of the
stethoscope lifted off the chest wal

A

grade 5

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46
Q

(grade the murmur) Loudest, still heart with the entire stethoscope
lifted off the chest

A

grade 6

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47
Q

Becomes progressively louder

A

crescendo

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48
Q

Becomes progressively softer

A

decrescendo

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49
Q

Peaks then decreases again

A

Crescendo-decrescendo

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50
Q

Remains equal in intensity

A

Plateau-shaped

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51
Q

High pitched, scratchy, leathery sound that is generated when the inflamed parietal and visceral pericardial layers rub together

A

Pericardial Friction Rub

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52
Q

Murmur-like sound that is vascular in origin

A

bruit

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53
Q

occlusive arterial disease, arterio-venous fistula
-may also be noted in patients with anemia, hyperthyroidism, pheochromocytoma (tumor in
adrenal gland)

A

arterial bruit

54
Q

There is an increase in the anteroposterior diameter of the thorax. Usually occurs as a
result of over inflation of the lungs esp. in cases of emphysema

A

Barrel chest

55
Q

There is depression in the lower portion of
the sternum. This may compress the heart,
and great vessels, resulting in murmurs.
May occur in rickets or Marfan’s syndrome

A

funnel chest

56
Q

There is protrusion of the sternum. This may
occur with rickets or severe
kyphoscoliosis.

A

Pigeon Chest ( Pectus Carinatum )

57
Q

s characterized by elevation of the scapula
and with S- shaped spine

A

Kyphoscoliosis

58
Q

Fine, short, interrupted crackling sounds;
Alveolar rales are high pitched, while
bronchial rales are low pitched.
an air passing thru fluid or mucus in air
passages (in the lower lung lobes)

A

Crackles ( Rales )

59
Q

continuous, low pitched, course, gurgling,
harsh louder sounds with a moaning or
snoring quality.
Created by air passing thru narrowed air
passages as a result of secretions, swelling
or tumors

A

Gurgles ( Rhonchi )

60
Q

loud, high pitched crowing sound, heard
without a stethoscope due to upper airway
obstruction

A

Stridor

61
Q

low pitched, grating, rubbing sound heard
on inspiration and expiration due to pleural
inflammation.

A

Pleural Friction Rub

62
Q

violent and uncontrolled
coughing that is exhausting and painful.

A

Paroxysmal cough

63
Q

– caused by a virus that makes their
airways swell. They have a telltale “barking”
cough.

A

Croup cough

64
Q

A group of diseases that cause airflow blockage

and breathing-related problems.
→ It includes emphysema and chronic bronchitis

A

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

65
Q

a condition in which the alveoli become
abnormally inflated, damaging their walls and
making it harder to breathe.

A

Emphysema

66
Q

A lung condition that develops over time in which the bronchi (large air passages that lead to the lungs) become inflamed and scarred.

 This causes the bronchi to make large amounts of mucus and can lead to a chronic cough and breathing problems.

A

Chronic Brinchitis

67
Q

A lung disease that occurs when lung tissue
becomes damaged and scarred.

A

Pulmonary Fibrosis

68
Q

Well defined mass or masses in breast
→ No pain
→ Mass is round, firm, discrete, movable, 3/8 – 2
inches (1-5cm) in diameter
→ Usually solitary, but may be multiple; bilateral
→ Teens, early 20’s

A

Fibroadenoma of Breast

69
Q

Thickened, nodular areas in breast (usually
bilateral)
→ Pain & tenderness possible (esp. premenstrual)
→ Single/ multiple
→ Mobile, well defined, tender
→ Upper, outer quadrant
→ Exacerbated by caffeine intake
→ Gray-green cystic fluid
→ Childbearing years

A

Fibrocystic Disease

70
Q

Pain accompanied by breast tenderness
→ Firm, tender, warm, & reddened
→ History of cracked nipples
→ Breast abscess
→ Painful enlarged axillary nodes
→ 3rd/ 4th wk. postpartum

A

Mastitis

71
Q

Affect nipple and areola
→ eczema-like rash
→ red, itchy and inflamed; flaky or scaly
→ straw-colored or bloody discharge
→ Nipple may turn inward
→ Tingling, increased sensitivity to pain

A

Paget’s Disease of the Breast

72
Q

Serous or serosanguineous discharge from one
nipple duct unilaterally
→ Moderate pain
→ No palpable tumor or mass
→ Age 35-55

A

Interductal Papillona

73
Q

→ late sign of breast Cancer
→ Edematous thickening & pitting
→ Breast / axillary lymph node infection; Grave’s

A

Peau d’ Orange

74
Q

Non-modifiable Factors of Breast Cancer

A
  1. Age
  2. Race/ethnicity
  3. Prior to 35 – African American (prone to cancer)
  4. After 35 – White women (prone to cancer)
  5. Personal or family history
  6. Hormonal Factors
  7. Gender
  8. Genetics
  9. Menarche (earlier - more like to get cancer)
75
Q

Modifiable Factors of Breast Cancer

A
  1. High fat diet
  2. Post menopausal obesity
  3. Use of post menopausal hormones
  4. Alcohol consumption
  5. Physical inactivity
  6. Breastfeeding
  7. Birth Control
76
Q

Disproven and Controversial Possibilities or breast cancer

A
  1. Antiperspirants
  2. Bras
  3. Induced Abortion
  4. Breast Implants
77
Q

acute respiratory infection which the alveoli are filled with pus

A

Pneumonia

78
Q

What are 4 types of cough

A
  • dry
  • wet
  • paroxysmal
  • croup
79
Q

What are normal findings in respiratory

A
  • 12 to 20 cycles
  • symmetrical thorax shape
  • no tenderness
  • no respiratory distress
80
Q

Abnormal findings of respiratory

A

Chest configuration
Respiratory rate
Respiratory sound

81
Q

Responsible for speech and route for food and air

A

Larynx

82
Q

Respi condition which airways narrows and swell

A

Asthma

83
Q

Alveoli abnormally inflated

A

Emphysema

84
Q

Vascular ulcer caused by venus HPN

A

Venus ulcer

85
Q

Vascular ulcer caused by lymphedema

A

Lymphatic ulcer

86
Q

Vascular ulcer caused by occlusive arterial diease

A

Arterial ulcer

87
Q

• Absent/Decreased Pulses
• Cool, pale, shiny skin
• Hair loss on legs
Leg pain
Ulcerations around toes
dependent
• Thick, ridged nails

A

Arterial Insufficiency

88
Q

Ulcerations around the ankle
• Pulses may be present but difficult to palpate
• Edema
• Cyanotic when dependent

A

Venus insufficiency

89
Q

Symptoms for Cardiovascular problema

A

Chest pain
Palpitations
Syncope
Fatigue
Edema
Extremity changes
Dyspnea and cough

90
Q

Medical term for passing out

Result from decreased cerebral blood flow (may be non cardiac or side effect of medications)

A

Syncope

91
Q

Burning and prickling sensation in the extremities

A

Paresthesia

92
Q

On and off leg or calf pain

A

Intermittent claudication

93
Q

Types of abnormal pulses

A

Weak
Strong
Pulsus alternans
Pulses bigeminus
Pulsus paradoxus

94
Q

regular alternating patter of a weak and strong pulse

A

Pulsus alternans

95
Q
  • similar to pulsus alternans but occurs at irregular intervals
A

Pulsus begiminus

96
Q

-increases and decreases in amplitude associated with respiratory cycle, decreases when patient inhales

A

Pulsus paradoxus

97
Q

Normal breast

A

Conical shape
● Equal on both sides
● Primary function –produce nourishment for offspring
● Female sexuality
● Lies between the 2nd & 6th ribs & between the sternal edge & mid
axillary line

98
Q

What ribs number lies the breast

A

2nd and 6th ribs

99
Q

● Composed of 15-20 lobes
● Lobe – 50-75 lobules
● Acini cells – produce milk

A

Mammary Gland

100
Q

Carry milk from glands to lactiferous sinuses

A

Lactiferous duct

101
Q

Stores milk

A

Lactiferous sinus

102
Q

What breast cell that produce milk

A

Acini cells

103
Q

A darker tissue surrounding nipple

A

Areola

104
Q

● Sebaceous gland
● Lipoidfluid secretions (lubricates & protects nipple)
● Olfactory stimulus for NB appetite

A

Montgomery’s Gland

105
Q

● Composed of bands of breast tissue fused with outer layers of superficial fascia
● supports breasts

A

Cooper’s Ligament

106
Q

Drains most of the breast & anterior chest wall

A

Anterior (pectoral)

107
Q

Drains most of arm

A

Lateral (brachial)

108
Q

Drains part of arm and posterior chest wall

A

Posterior (subscapular)

109
Q

Drains mammary glands

A

Internal mammary

110
Q

Often site for metastatic cancer

A

Supraclavicular and infraclavicular

111
Q

Common complaint in tbe breast

A

Breast lump or mass

112
Q

Common benign causes of breast lumps

A

Pain or tenderness
Nipple discharge

113
Q

Common causes of abnormal nipple discharge

A

Rash
Swelling
Trauma
Past health history

114
Q

Common breast abnormalities

A

Fibroadenoma
Fibrocystic disease
Interductal papilloma
Mammary duct ectasia
Mastitis
Paget’s disease of the breast
Peau’d orange
Breast cancer

115
Q

Well defined mass or masses in breast
● No pain
● Mass is round, firm, discrete, movable, 3/8 – 2 inches (1-5cm) in
diameter
● Usually solitary, but may be multiple; bilateral
● Teens, early 20’s

A

Fibroadenoma

116
Q

● Thickened, nodular areas in breast (usually bilateral)
● Pain & tenderness possible (esp. premenstrual)
● Single/ multiple
● Mobile, well defined, tender
● Upper, outer quadrant
● Exacerbated by caffeine intake
● Gray-green cystic fluid
● Childbearing years

A

Fibrocystic disease

117
Q

● Serous or serosanguineous discharge from one nipple duct unilaterally
● Moderate pain
● No palpable tumor or mass
● Age 35-55

A

Interductal papilloma

118
Q

● Nipple discharge & retraction
● Pain in affected areas
● Itching around nipple
● Subareolar ducts feel like
rubbery lesions filled with
pastelike material
● Possible enlargement of
regional nodes
● Early stage menopause

A

Mammary duct ectasia

119
Q

● Pain accompanied by breast tenderness ● Firm, tender, warm, & reddened
● History of cracked nipples
● Breast abscess
● Painful enlarged axillary nodes ● 3rd/ 4th wk. postpartum

A

Mastitis

120
Q

● affect nipple and areola
● eczema-like rash
● red, itchy and inflamed; flaky or scaly
● straw-colored or bloody discharge
● Nipple may turn inward
● Tingling, increased sensitivity to pain

A

Paget’s disease

121
Q

● late sign of breast Cancer
● Edematous thickening & pitting
● Breast / axillary lymph node infection;
Grave’s

A

Peau’d orange

122
Q

● nipple erosion, retraction ; bloody discharge
● Enlarged, shrunken or dimpled breast with no pain
● Nontender, firm or hard lump, irregularly shaped & fixed to skin or
underlying tissue
● Enlarged surrounding lymph nodes
● White women over age 35 with family history of Breast CA, long
menstrual cycle, 1st pregnancy after 30

A

Breast cancer

123
Q

Mechanism of the heart

A

Hemodynamics
Electrical conduction system
Movement of valves

124
Q

Paces of 40-60 BPM

A

atrioventricular AV node

125
Q

Common problems of the axilla

A

Smelly armpit
Hyperhidrosis
Irritant contact dermatitis
Allergic contact dermatitis
Psoriasis

126
Q

● occur when bacteria break down the otherwise odorless sweat on your skin.
● Body odor is caused by a mix of bacteria and sweat on your skin
● The best way to prevent smelly armpits is to wash daily and after
sweating.

A

Smelly armpit

127
Q

● Excessive sweating, which often affects the armpits and hands. The cause is unknown; the perspiration is not due to anxiety or stress.

A

Hyperhidrosis

128
Q

● Skin inflammation (redness, swelling, pain, or heat) caused by an irritating substance touching the skin. Soaps, deodorant, alcohol, and dry air may all cause irritant contact dermatitis of the armpit.

A

Irritant contact dermatitis

129
Q

An allergic reaction to something directly touching the skin, usually causing redness and small blisters. Irritant contact dermatitis affects the armpit more often than allergic contact dermatitis.

A

Allergic contact dermatitis

130
Q

a condition causing red plaques with a silvery scale to appear on the skin.
● an autoimmune condition, meaning it is caused when the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s own tissues

A

Psoriasis

131
Q

A normal or benign-appearing axillary lymph node should have an ?

A

oval or lobulated shape
smooth and well-defined margin.

132
Q

occurs when your underarm (axilla) lymph nodes grow larger in size.
● While this condition may be concerning, it’s usually attributed to a benign cause.

A

Axillary Adenopathy or armpit lump

HEALTH ASSESSMENT (12 decks)

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