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HEALTH ASSESSMENT > Abdomen > Flashcards

Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

in adults, what is the size of an esophagus

A

10-13 inch LONG
3/4 inch ACROSS

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2
Q

an organ in the abdomen that mainly function by propelling the food into the stomach

A

esophagus

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3
Q

Dilated saclike organ structure that can be found in the LUQ

A

stomach

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4
Q

what are the 2 important structures (sphincter) of the stomach? and describe their location

A
  • cardiac sphincter (entrance of stomach)
  • pyloric sphincter (exit of the stomach)
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5
Q

the primary function of this organ is to store food & mix it with gastric juices composed of ________,
________, ________

A

stomach
- mucus
- pepsin
- hydrochloric acid

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6
Q

in the stomach, an intrinsic factor binds with vitamin ______ to be absorbed in the small intestine

A

vitamin B12

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7
Q

the stomach passes _____ into the small intestine for absorption and digestion

A

chyme

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8
Q

an organ that absorbs essential nutrients into the blood stream

A

small intestine

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9
Q

what are the 3 major parts of the small intestine

A
  • duodenum (10 inch, the bile is added to chyme)
  • jejunum (8ft w/ ileum - break down and absorb most nutrients)
  • ileum (12ft)
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10
Q

it is the primary site for digestion aided by _____,_______,_______

A

small intestine
- liver
- gallbladder
- pancreas

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11
Q

it is an ileocecal junction and the narrowest part of the intestine (frequent site of bacteria)

A

appendix

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12
Q

it is an organ that measures 5-6ft long and primarily functions by absorbing ______ and _________

A

large intestine
- sodium
- water

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13
Q

this organ stores food residue then eliminates these waste products

A

large intestine

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14
Q

one of the functions of the large intestine is to synthesize the vitamins _____ and ______

A

vitamin B12 & K

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15
Q

what are the different parts of the large intestine

A
  • cecum
  • ascending colon
  • transverse colon
  • descending colon
  • sigmoid colon
  • rectum
  • anus
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16
Q

what are the 6 accessory organs in the abdomen

A
  • salivary glands
  • liver
  • gallbladder
  • bile ducts
  • pancreas
  • spleen
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17
Q

what are the 3 types of salivary glands

A
  • parotid
  • submandibular
  • sublingual
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18
Q

an organ that produces saliva to moisten and lubricate food

A

salivary glands

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19
Q

salivary glands secretes ______ which converts into starch and into _______

A

amylase
maltose

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20
Q

an organ that metabolizes carbohydrates, fats, and proteins and also detoxify the blood

A

liver

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21
Q

the liver contains glucose and converts it into _______.

the liver converts ammonia to ________ for ________

A
  • glycogen
  • urea
  • excretion
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22
Q

the liver also synthesizes ______ (CHON), stores _______ (ADEK,B12), essential nutrients and ________ (iron & copper)

A
  • plasma protein
  • vitamins
  • minerals
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23
Q

an accessory organ that secretes or produces bile

A

liver

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24
Q

it is a green fluid that helps in digesting fats & absorbs fatty acids, cholesterol and other lipids which gives stool its color

A

bile

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25
Q

an organ that stores and concentrates bile

A

gallbladder

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26
Q

what are the different bile ducts

A
  • hepatic duct
  • cystic duct
  • common bile duct
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27
Q

● ________ - drain bile from the liver
● ________ - drains bile from the gallbladder
● _________ - receives bile from the hepatic & cystic ducts
& empties bile from the duodenum

A
  • Hepatic ducts
  • Cystic duct
  • Common Bile Duct
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28
Q

Beta cells - release _____

Alpha cells – secretes ______
○ Glycogen into the bloodstream

Delta cells – ___________
(hypothalamic inhibiting hormone)

F cells - secrete __________ that regulates the release of pancreatic enzymes

A
  • insulin
  • glucagon
  • somatostatin
  • pancreatic polypeptide
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29
Q

an organ that is located at the left side of the abdomen and primarily function by filtering blood (removing old / damaged blood cells & platelets)

A

spleen

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30
Q

it is a serous membrane that covers the abdominal cavity

A

peritoneum

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31
Q

the peritoneum consists of two layers which are

A

parietal and visceral

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32
Q

________ – lines walls of abdomen
________ – coats the outer surface of organs

A

● Parietal
● Visceral

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33
Q

the ________ maintains homeostasis of fluids electrolytes, and the acid-base system and also controls _______ through the secretion of _____

A
  • urinary tract
  • BP
  • renin
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34
Q

the urinary tract secrete ______ which stimulate RBC production

A

erythropoietin

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35
Q

what is the normal shape of an abdomen in an adult

A

flat round, scaphoid

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36
Q

for muscular patients, the shape of the abdomen is _______

A

flat

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37
Q

for infants and toddlers, there abdomen shape is ______ due to poor muscle tone

A

round/ rounded

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38
Q

the shape of the abdomen for thin patients would be ______

A

scaphoid or concave

39
Q

this abdominal shape is seen in adult male patients who are alcoholic

A

protuberant

40
Q

the relation of the integumentary system and the abdomen is it _______ and ______. while musculoskeletal assists with ________, ________, ________, __________

A
  • protects, support
  • ingestion, mastication, deglutition, defecation
41
Q

respiratory & cardio system provide oxygen needed for _______

A

digestion

42
Q

parasympathetic response (“rest & repair”) → ____________
(neurotransmitter) → stimulates the secretion of digestive juices &
_________ peristalsis

A
  • acetylcholine
  • increase
43
Q

sympathetic response (stress) → ______________ → _________ in
peristalsis & secretion of digestive juices.

A
  • norepinephrine
  • decrease
44
Q

secretion of digestive juices also depends on functioning of _______

A

pancreas

45
Q

in infants, the bladder is normally located above the _________ and the _______ takes more abdominal space (extending 3⁄4 inch below the rib), and the abdomen normally _________ due to weak abdominal muscles

A
  • symphysis pubis
  • liver
  • protrudes
46
Q

the abdomen of children is proportionately _______ & has a slightly _________ appearance because of curvature of the back

A
  • larger
  • protuberant
47
Q

The __________ is most obvious in toddlers & preschoolers &
diminishes to adult proportions during adolescence.

A
  • protuberance
48
Q

____________ respiration is very common in most children because their abdominal muscles are underdeveloped

A

Abdominal respiration

49
Q

for pregnant women, the abdominal muscles ______ allowing the uterus to protrude during a normal pregnancy

A

relax

50
Q

__________ normally happens to pregnant women since the rectus abdominis muscle (anterior medial of the abdomen) may become separated

A

Diastasis recti abdominis

51
Q

due to pregnancy, the woman’s bowel sound is _________ since the bowels are compressed by fetus

A

diminished

52
Q

pregnant women are also prone to ________ (decreased lower GIT activity + Iron) and ________ (increased venous pressure in lower abdomen)

A
  • constipation
  • hemorrhoids
53
Q

during pregnancy, the appendix
is displaced _________& laterally to the ______

A
  • upward
  • right
54
Q

in older adults, _________ changes which affects chewing ability & digestion; poorly fitted dentures, painful mastication, nutritional imbalance

A

dentition

55
Q

Reduced saliva, stomach acid, gastric motility, peristalsis (absorption, swallowing, digestion) happen mostly to _______

A

older adults

56
Q

Fat accumulation in older adults - women ___________ ; men __________

A
  • (lower abdomen)
  • (waist)
57
Q

what are the different common symptoms in the abdomen

A

-abdominal pain
- weight change
- change in bowel pattern
- indigestion
- nausea
- vomiting
- abdominal distention
- loose stools

58
Q

it is the most common abdominal complaint

A

abdominal pain

59
Q

what are the classifications under abdominal pain

A
  • visceral pain
  • parietal pain
  • referred pain
  • acute abdomen
60
Q

under abdominal pain

distention of the intestines or stretching of the solid organs burning, cramping, diffuse & poorly localized

A

Visceral pain

61
Q

inflammation of parietal peritoneum, pain is severe, localized & aggravated by movement

A

Parietal pain –

62
Q

_______ – site away from origin

_________ - life threatening condition

A
  • Referred pain
  • “acute abdomen”
63
Q

Abdominal Pain Location:

● umbilical region – abdominal _______ or early _________

● Chest – referred _________

● Epigastric (left of midline) – ______

● Radiates back, neck, jaw - _______

A
  • aortic aneurysm, appendicitis
  • abdominal pain
  • gastric ulcer
  • GERD
64
Q

Abdominal Pain Location:

● Shoulder: _______, _______, ______

● Scapulae: ______, _______, _______, ________, ________

● Thighs, genitals, lower back: _____, ________

● Lower & middle back: _________

A
  • Ruptured spleen, ectopic pregnancy, pancreatitis
  • Cholelithiasis, MI, angina, biliary colic, pancreatitis
  • renal problem, ureteral colic
  • abdominal aortic aneurysm
65
Q

what causes weight change in a patient

A
  • Pathology
  • Unhealthy lifestyle
  • Major depressive disorders
  • Careful analysis of symptoms
  • Eating disorders ( diet, cathartics, exercise, purgatives)
  • Unexplained wt. loss in adults
66
Q

when there is a change in bowel pattern, check the stool color:

○ ________ - Upper GI Bleeding
○ ________ – lower GI
○ ________ – increased bile in obstructive jaundice

A
  • Black, tarry
  • Red, bloody
  • Clay-colored
67
Q

the most common symptoms when a patient has changes in their bowel pattern are ________ and ________

A
  • constipation and diarrhea
68
Q

Ingestion is also called as

A

Dyspepsia or pyrosis

69
Q

Heartburn is associated by ______ and experienced worst _____ meal

A

Indigestion
- after

70
Q

T OR F: During heartburn, the acid flows into lower esophagus

A

T

71
Q

What is the chief complaint of GERD?

A

Heartburn

72
Q

Indigestion with belching (eructation) burping & flatulence suggest ______

A

cholecystitis

73
Q

stress on the stomach wall or esophagus

A

Nausea

74
Q

What are the causes of nausea?

A
  • Distention
  • alteration in peristalsis
  • negative olfactory stimulation
  • inner ear problem
  • medications
75
Q

Peristalsis is reversed & esophageal sphincter opens caused by irritation of the stomach lining

A

Vomiting

76
Q

Stimulation of vomiting center of brain _____

A

Medulla

77
Q

If there is a repeated vomiting, the _____ and _____ are imbalanced

A

Fluids and electrolytes

78
Q

outward expansion beyond abdominal girth due to air (gas), fluid, tumor accumulate in the abdomen

A

Abdominal distention

79
Q

“Feeling bloated”

A

Abdominal distention

80
Q

unusually watery bowel movemen

A

Loose stool

81
Q

T OR F: Loose stools often occur after eating, but can also happen at other points in the day.

A

T

82
Q

POOP COLOR
_______ - normal
_______- food may be moving through the large intestine too quickly, such as due to diarrhea
_______ - may indicate a malabsorption disorder caused by a parasite, illness, or disease

A

BROWN
GREEN
YELLOW

83
Q

POOP COLOR

______ - A lack of bile in stool. This may indicate a bile duct obstruction.
_______ - Often indicates that there is bleeding in the stomach, small intestine, or right side of the colon
______ - the blood is fresh and the bleeding is lower in the colon or rectum.

A

LIGHT COLORED
BLACK/DARK
BRIGHT RED

84
Q

the passage of fresh blood per anus, usually in or with stools or rectal bleeding

A

Hematochezia

85
Q

difficulty swallowing which means an individual takes more time and effort to move food or liquid from your mouth to your stomach

A

Dysphagia

86
Q

T OR F: can dysphagia cause aspirations and pneumonia?

A

T

87
Q

Bluish periumbilical discoloration often recognised as a result of trauma / acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis.

A

Cullen’s signs

88
Q

bruiselike discoloration (flank) and an uncommon subcutaneous manifestation of intra-abdominal pathology that manifests as ecchymosis or discoloration of the flanks

A

Turner’s sign

89
Q

a burning feeling in the chest caused by stomach acid traveling up towards the throat (acid reflux)

A

Heartburn

90
Q

malignant (cancer) cells form in lining of the stomach and the symptoms include indigestion and stomach discomfort or pain.

A

Gastric Cancer

91
Q

T OR F: ● Age, diet, stomach disease can affect the risk of developing gastric cancer

A

T

92
Q

is a group of symptoms that occur together, including repeated pain in your abdomen and changes in your bowel movements, which may be diarrhea, constipation, or both

A

Irritable Bowel Syndrome

93
Q

a condition in which you have digestive symptoms—such as bloating, diarrhea, and gas—after you consume foods or drinks that contain lactose.

A

LACTOSE INTOLERANCE

94
Q

a condition in which you have digestive symptoms—such as bloating, diarrhea, and gas—after you consume foods or drinks that contain lactose.

A

LACTOSE INTOLERANCE

HEALTH ASSESSMENT (12 decks)

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