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Neuro B4 - WLB > Motor Control - Ruff > Flashcards

Motor Control - Ruff Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four major motor control regions of the cortex?

A
  1. Primary motor cortex (M1)
  2. Premotor cortex
  3. Supplementary motor area (SMA)
  4. Frontal eye fields
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2
Q

What is the primary function of the Frontal Eye Fields?

A
  • Gaze control
  • Image Stabilization
  • Changing fixation
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3
Q

What is the primary function of the Primary Motor Cortex?

A
  • Simple movement of an individual body part
    • Force
    • Direction
    • Extent
    • Velocity
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4
Q

What is the primary function of the Premotor Cortex?

A
  • Transforming external sensory cues into motor actions
    • more complex, multijoint motions
    • often stereotyped actions (collection of movements)
  • Preparation for movement
  • Mirror neurons
  • Behavioral context
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5
Q

What is the primary function of the Supplementary Motor Area?

A
  • Internal generation of movement
    • learning sequences of movements
    • performing sequences of learned movements
    • mental rehearsal
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6
Q

What is the organization of the Primary Motor Cortex?

A
  • Homunculus
    • lower limb –> upper limb
    • face
    • tongue
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7
Q

What is the organization of the Premotor Cortex?

A
  • Dorsal = reaching
  • Ventral
    • Grasping
    • Cognitive control (ex. prep for movement, mirror neurons, behavior context)
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8
Q

What is the organization of the Supplementary Motor Area?

A
  • Homunculus
    • Anterior (leg) –> Posterior (face)
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9
Q

What are the afferents to the Primary Motor Cortex?

A
  • Joint afferents
  • Muscle spindle receptors (Ia and II)
  • Tactile information from hands
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10
Q

Where are the afferents to the Premotor Cortex from?

A
  • Supplemental Motor Area
  • Cingulate Motor Area
  • Prefrontal cortex
  • Posterior parietal cortex
  • Cerebellum and basal ganglia (via thalamus)
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11
Q

Where are the afferents to the Supplementary Motor Area from?

A
  • M1
  • Prefrontal cortex
  • Posterior parietal cortex
  • Basal ganglia and cerebellum (via thalamus)
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12
Q

What are the efferents from the Primary Motor Cortex?

A
  • Corticobulbar
  • Corticospinal
  • Red Nucleus (for Magnocellular Rubrospinal Tract)
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13
Q

What are the efferents from the Premotor Cortex?

A

Corticobulbar & Corticospinal Tracts

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14
Q

What are the efferents from the Supplemental Motor Area?

A

Corticobulbar & Corticospinal Tracts

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15
Q

Trace the Corticospinal tract from the cortex to the brainstem (5 steps).

A
  1. ​M1, Premotor Cortex, SMA, & Somatosensory Cortex –>
  2. Internal Capsule –>
  3. Cerebral peduncle (base of midbrain)–>
  4. Through the Pons –>
  5. Pyramidal tracts of the ventral side of the medulla
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16
Q

Where does the Corticobulbar Tract have projections to?

A

Cranial Nerve Nuclei

17
Q

What is the target of the Corticobulbar Tract?

A

da FACE

(Voluntary/Emotional movements of Facial Expression)

18
Q

What is the target(s) of the Corticospinal Tract?

A
  • Lateral corticospinal tract
    • Distal limbs (alpha motor neurons/interneurons)
  • Ventral (anterior) corticospinal tract
    • Axial/Proximal limb muscles
19
Q

What is the target of the Rubrospinal tract?

A

Cervical/Thoracic Spinal Cord

(control of arms)

20
Q

What is the target of the Vestibulospinal Tracts?

A
  • Medial vestibular nucleus
    • bilateral medial ventral horn of spinal cord (regulate head position)
    • neck muscles
  • Lateral vestibular nucleus
    • physiologic extensor muscles (working against gravity)
    • trunk/limb muscles
21
Q

What is the target of the Reticulospinal Tract?

A

Trunk & Proximal Limbs

(e.g. shoulders and hips)

22
Q

Where is the most likely location of a lesion if a patient loses the ability to respond properly to stimuli, plan appropriate movements based on circumstances, learn new sensory-motor associations, and steer arm accurately?

A

Premotor Cortex

23
Q

Where is the most likely location of a lesion if a patient neglects a specific limb, has decreased volitional (internally driven) movements, is unable to suppress motor programs/patterns that are triggered by visual stimuli, demonstrates alien hand syndrome, and uses objects in an inappropriate setting?

A

Supplementary Motor Area

Neuro B4 - WLB (17 decks)

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