Motor Contol

Question 1

Levels of Motor Control

Answer 1

Mobility
Stability
Controlled Mobility
Skill

Question 2

Mobility

Answer 2

ability to initiate movement through functional ROM

Question 3

Stability

Answer 3

ability to maintain position/posture through co-contraction/tonic holding around a joint
ex: unsupported sitting w/ midline control

Question 4

Controlled Mobility

Answer 4

ability to move w/in WB position/ rotate around a long axis

ex: activities in prone-on-elbows, weight-shifting in quadruped

Question 5

Skill

Answer 5

ability to consistently perform functional tasks/ manipulate environment w/normal postural reflex mechanisms & balance reactions
ex: ADLs, community locomotion

Question 6

Agonistic Reversal (AR)

Answer 6

Works on: Controlled Mobility, Skill
What: slow, sequential isotonic concentric contraction performed against resistance, followed by alternating concentric/eccentric contractions w/resistance- may be used in increments through ROM to attain max control

Question 7

Alternating Isometrics (AI)

Answer 7

Works on: Stability
What: Isometric contractions performed alternating muscles from one side of joint to the other w/o rest- emphasizes endurance/ strengthening

Question 8

Contract-Relax (CR)

Answer 8

Works on: Mobility
What: as extremity reaches point of limit, pt performs max contraction of antagonist muscles- PT resists movement for 8-10 sec followed by relaxation. Repeated til no further gains in ROM are noted

Question 9

Hold-Relax (HR)

Answer 9

Works on: Mobility
What: isometric contraction facilitated for all muscles @ ROM limit, relax occurs & extremity moves to new limit til no more gains occur
**used for pt’s w/ pain

Question 10

Hold-Relax Active Movement (HRAM)

Answer 10

Works on: Mobility
What: for muscles @ ≤1/5, limb passively placed @ shortened ROM w/in pattern, isometric contract performed. Overflow/ facilitation used to assist contraction. limb immediately moved to lengthened position during relax w/quick stretch

Question 11

Joint Distraction (JD)

Answer 11

Works on: Mobility
What: proprioceptive component used to ⬆︎ ROM around a joint- consistent manual traction provided slowly, usually in combo w/ mobilization. Can also be used w/ quick stretch to initiate movement

Question 12

Normal Timing (NT)

Answer 12

Works on: Skill
What: improves task component coordination- performed distal→proximal; proximal components restricted til distal components initiate movement
Repetition of pattern produces coordinated movement of all components

Question 13

Repeated Contraction (RC)

Answer 13

Works on: Mobility
What: initiates movement/ sustains contraction through ROM through weak pattern of movement/ @point of weakness. PT provides quick stretch followed by isometic/isotonic contractions

Question 14

Resisted Progression (RP)

Answer 14

Works on: Mobility
What: emphasizes coordination of proximal components during gait- resistance applied to pelvis/ hips/ extremity during gait in order to enhance coordination/ strength/ endurance

Question 15

Rhythmic Initiation (RI)

Answer 15

Works on: Mobility

What: decreases hypertonia by slowly rotation extremity around longitudinal axis- relaxation of extremity increased ROM

Question 16

Rhythmic Stabilization (RS)

Answer 16

Works on: Mobility, Stability
What: increased ROM and coordination of isometric contractions- technique requires isometric contractions of all muscles around a joint against progressive resistance. pt should relax & move into new ROM &repeat technique- for stability, apply as progression from AI to stabilize all muscles around specific body part

Question 17

Slow Reversal (SR)

Answer 17

Works on: Stability, Controlled Mobility, Skill
What: slow, resisted concentric contractions of agonist/antagonists around joint w/o rest between reversals- improves posture/ control of movement

Question 18

Slow Reversal Hold (SRH)

Answer 18

Works on: Stability, Controlled Mobility, Skill

What: Slow Reversal + isometric contraction performed @ end of movement for improved stability

Question 19

Timing for Emphasis (TE)

Answer 19

Works on: Skill
What: strengthens weak component of motor pattern using isotonic/isometric contractions to produce overflow to weak muscles