Motor

Question 1

What comprises the basal Ganglia

Answer 1

Putamen, Caudate, Globus Palatus, Thalamus, Substantia Nigra and the Subthalamis nucleus

Question 2

What composes the Striatum of the Basal Ganglia

Answer 2

Caudate and the Putamen

Question 3

What comprises the lentiform nucleus of the basal ganglia

Answer 3

Putamen and the Globus Palatus

Question 4

What is the function of the Basal ganglia?

Answer 4

To selectively choose and inhibit specific impulses from the motor and pre-motor cortexes for the ultimate aim of a single and define movement

Question 5

Function of the Cerebellum

Answer 5

To refine and correct a directed course of movement

Question 6

Diseases of the Basal ganglia and general symptoms

Answer 6

Parkinson’s (SN) and Huntington’s Disease (striatum) and the symptoms include tremors and movements that would generally be inhibited by the basal ganglia

Question 7

Diseases of the Cerebellum of the posterior lobe

Answer 7

There is dysmetria, where arm will undershot or undershot a target and Dysdiadochokinesia (inability to perform rapid alternating movements)

Question 8

Diseases of the Cerebellum of the Anterior lobe

Answer 8

Ataxic gait and loss of the heel shin test

Question 9

The 5 different gaits and how they present and their causes

Answer 9

Hemiparetic - Curcumducting leg and flexed, adducted and pronated upper limb on contralateral side to stroke
Ataxic - from anterior cerebellar lesions and results in loss of stability and hence must walk with a wide stance
Curcumducting - will have a leg that doesn’t bend and hence must have external rotation of their leg to move it forward - also results from stroke (ACA?)
Chorea- Hyperkineasia from huntington’s disease. Has hyperactive upper body and upper limb movement
Parkinsons - hypokineasia from parkinson’s disease that results in a shuffle

Question 10

Cerebellum Control of body

Answer 10

Medial region for the medial muscles and the lateral region for the lateral muscles of the body

Question 11

What is the corticobulbar tract

Answer 11

UMN tract to the brainstem to supply CN nucleus for motor control of the facial muscles (except external occulomotor muscles)

Question 12

Where are the D1 and D2 receptors in the Globus Pallidus

Answer 12

D1 in the GP internal and D2 in the GP external

Question 13

What are the function of the the D1 and D2 receptors and where do they receive input from

Answer 13

D1 for movement while D2 for inhibition of movement, receive dopamine input from the Substantia Nigra