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NASM CNC Exam Flashcards > Motivational Interviewing > Flashcards

Motivational Interviewing Flashcards

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1
Q

A client-centered coaching style that helps clients resolve ambivalence and elicit behavior change.

A

Motivational interviewing

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2
Q

Rewards that are immediate – for example, the pleasure of eating high-sugar, high-fat foods.

A

Proximal rewards

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3
Q

Rewards that are far away, such as a loss of 30 pounds.

A

Distal rewards

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4
Q

In order to change, what to phases must an individual go through?

A

motivational phase and planning phase

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5
Q

Phase that describes the build-up of mental energy that drives the desire to behave in certain ways – behavior often needs plans.

A

Motivational energy

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6
Q

Phase that describes the point where individuals decide how they will turn their motivation into behavior.

A

Planning phase

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7
Q

What are some key characteristics a Nutrition Coach might exhibit when using Motivational Interviewing with a client? Check all that apply.

A. They are collaborative

B. Empathetic

C. Sympathetic

D. Communicates with their client’s goal(s) in mind

A

A, B, D

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8
Q

What is the underlying purpose of using Motivational Interviewing as a strategy to help a client change their behavior?

A. Effective motivational interviewing helps clients discover their own reasons for change,

B. Effective motivational interviewing gets clients to become autonomous and self-guided.

C. Effective motivational interviewing enables the Nutrition Coach to minimize their behavior change strategies.

A

A. Effective motivational interviewing helps clients discover their own reasons for change,

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9
Q

A motivational theory that describes individuals psychological needs for growth – self-determination theory also describes different types of motivational regulation and considers these regulations anywhere on a continuum of motivation.

A

Self-determination theory

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10
Q

A state in which a person is not motivated to behave.

A

amotivation

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11
Q

When a behavior is done for any reason outside of inherent pleasure.

A

extrinsic motivation

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12
Q

Behavior that is directed by personal (internal) satisfaction such as personal enjoyment as well as striving for self-determination and competence.

A

intrinsic motivation

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13
Q

What type of motivation does this statement describe? “I will eat healthy because, if I do not, I could face health problems.”

A

Extrinsic motivation

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14
Q

What type of motivation does this statement describe? “I will eat healthy because I really enjoy knowing that I am fueling my body with the best nutrients possible.”

A

Intrinsic motivation

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15
Q

Type of motive where the individual feels outside or internal pressure to do certain behaviors.

A

controlled motives

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16
Q

Behaviors that are enacted with a sense of volition and choice – autonomously motivated people want to do the behavior.

A

autonomous motives

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17
Q

What type of motive is this an example of: Losing weight because there is a weight-loss challenge at work and the winning team gets a prize

A

External controlled motives

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18
Q

What type of motive is this an example of: Losing weight because of the guilt of being overweight

A

Introjected controlled motives

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19
Q

What type of motive is this an example of: The client believes that achieving and maintaining a healthy weight is personally important.

A

Identified autonomous motives

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20
Q

What type of motive is this an example of: Losing weight because being healthy and fit is consistent with the client’s other health goals (e.g., running a half marathon)

A

Integrated autonomous motives

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21
Q

Behavior performed to achieve some external reward or to avoid punishment – it is reflective of complying with other people’s demands.

A

external regulation

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22
Q

Behavior performed to avoid negative feelings (i.e., shame or guilt) or to enhance positive feelings (i.e., ego).

A

introjected regulation

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23
Q

Behavior performed because it is valued and personally important.

A

identified regulation

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24
Q

Behavior performed because it is fully congruent with a person’s values and needs.

A

integrated regulation

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25
Q

What are the different types of extrinsic behavioral regulations?

A

external, introjected, identified, and integrated

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26
Q

The support of a client regardless of what they say or do – it is the belief that the client is trying their best despite perceived destructive behaviors.

A

Unconditional Positive Regard (UPR)

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27
Q

When the client voices the benefits of change and disadvantages of staying the same.

A

Change talk

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28
Q

An individual’s ability to modify their behavior.

A

self regulation

29
Q

An examination of the relationship between life values and behavior change. Clients discover why the goal is important to them. They then create specific behavior-oriented goals based on what their values are.

A

Value exploration

30
Q

When values are prioritized, behaviors are linked with the client’s personal sense of a desired identity.

A

Value prioritization

31
Q

Within the motivation continuum, what are some examples of motivations that would be considered controlled motives? Check all that apply.

A. “My employer told me, so I need to…”

B. “I will eat healthy because I really enjoy knowing that I am fueling my body with the best nutrients possible.”

C. “I should make better eating choices.”

D. “My goal is to lose weight, so I will eat less unhealthy foods.”

A

A, C

32
Q

Within the motivation continuum, what are some examples of motivations that would be considered controlled motives? Check all that apply.

A. Morals

B. Values

C. Family

D. Goals

A

B. Values

33
Q

What are the 5 strategies of motivational interviewing?

A
  1. Express empathy through reflective listening.
  2. Help clients identify discrepancies between their values or goals and their behavior.
  3. Support self-efficacy.
  4. Avoid arguments.
  5. Adjust to client resistance.
34
Q

Listening that clarifies and expresses an understanding of a person’s own experiences and goals.

A

Reflective listening

35
Q

When a person’s behavior is attributed to “the way they are” rather than to external factors.

A

Fundamental Attribution Error

36
Q

What are some examples of reflective listening?

A

“It sounds like…”
“You feel like…”
“You want to do this but at the same time…”
“Tell me more…”

37
Q

What is the ideal comparator?

A

the ideal version of oneself

38
Q

A person’s confidence that they can successfully execute behaviors required to produce outcomes.

A

self-efficacy

39
Q

What are the four ways that can help enhance self-efficacy?

A
  1. performance accomplishments
  2. vicarious experience
  3. verbal persuasion
  4. physiological states
40
Q

What is this an example of: Provide a client with a chance to make an attainable change. For example, if the client typically eats out 4 nights per week, celebrate their success when they drop down to 1 night per week.

A

performance accomplishemtn

41
Q

What is this an example of: Provide examples of other clients who have been in the current client’s shoes. Give examples of what they did to achieve their goals.

A

Vicarious experience

42
Q

What is this an example of: If a client is not sure that they have the ability to do a certain task, remind them of times in the past where they have successfully made changes. Maybe the client is not sure that they have time to do food preparation but they also said the same thing about fitting in exercise. Remind them that when they scheduled effectively they were able to exercise more.

A

verbal persuasion

43
Q

What is this an example of: Create a positive coaching relationship that mitigates nervousness and anxiety. If a client feels unsure about a certain behavior, either provide empathetic listening to help the client see a solution or suggest a different behavior that does not elicit negative emotions.

A

physiological states

44
Q

How can a coach enhance self-efficacy for goal achievement and for specific behaviors that will lead to goal achievement?

A

Decrease difficulty of the task

45
Q

A positive statement about a client’s character that acknowledges their efforts and enhances self-efficacy

A

Affirmation

46
Q

When providing nutrition coaching to your clients, it is imperative to use Motivational Interviewing strategies to help clients discover their own reason for change. These motivational interviewing strategies involve what following actions? Check all that apply.

A
Express empathy

B
Discrepancy identification

C
Support self-efficacy

D
Avoid arguments

E
Client resistance adjustment

A

all of the above

47
Q

Behavioral change model that demonstrates progression through stages until the change becomes part of the everyday lifestyle. Also known as the stages of change model

A

transtheoretical model

48
Q

What are the 5 stages of the Stages of Change/Transtheoretical Model?

A
  1. precontemplation
  2. contemplation
  3. preparation
  4. action
  5. maintenance
49
Q

If a Nutrition Coach is helping a client overcome behaviors that reside in the Precontemplation Stage, actions taken could include which of the following? Check all that apply.

A
Provide empathetic and reflective listening.

B
Do a value exploration to see how the client’s behaviors fit in with their values.

C
Begin with a small change and provide affirmation for each success.

D
Enhance self-efficacy.

E
Assess strength of commitment to change.

A

A, B, C, D

50
Q

If a Nutrition Coach is helping a client overcome behaviors that reside in the Contemplation Stage, actions taken could include which of the following? Check all that apply.

A
Have clients get bloodwork done to examine biomarkers of health. Relevant health information may tip the scales toward change.

B
Help clients resolve ambivalence and “tip the balance” in favor of change.

C
Avoid arguments.

D
Decisional balance sheets.

E
Affirmations.

A

A, B, D, E

51
Q

If a Nutrition Coach is helping a client overcome behaviors that reside in the Preparation Stage, actions taken could include which of the following? Check all that apply.

A
Assess strength of commitment to change.

B
Help clients develop feasible plans.

C
Revise plans as needed.

D
Help clients make specific action plans that dictate when, where, how, and with who a behavior will occur.

A

A
Assess strength of commitment to change.

B
Help clients develop feasible plans.

D
Help clients make specific action plans that dictate when, where, how, and with who a behavior will occur.

52
Q

If a Nutrition Coach is helping a client overcome behaviors that reside in the Action Stage, actions taken could include which of the following? Check all that apply.

A
Strengthen commitment to the goal.

B
Revise plans as needed.

C
Foster strong self-efficacy.

D
Harness social support.

E
Create and follow through on plans.

A

B
Revise plans as needed.

C
Foster strong self-efficacy.

D
Harness social support.

E
Create and follow through on plans.

53
Q

If a Nutrition Coach is helping a client overcome behaviors that reside in the Maintenance Stage, actions taken could include which of the following? Check all that apply.

A
Identify relapses early.

B
Encourage clients to forgive relapses and return to their routine.

C
Assess strength of commitment to change.

D
Encourage clients to organize their environment so that temptations to relapse are minimal.

E
Strengthen commitment to the goal.

A

A, B, D, E

54
Q

Which of the following is defined as all of the brain processes used to energize and direct behavior?

a. Motivation
b. Attitude
c. Self-efficacy
d. Intention

A

a. Motivation

55
Q

Which of the following varies along a continuum and is reflective of the level to which a behavior is integrated into an individual’s values or identity?

a. Intentions
b. Self-efficacy
c. Behavior
d. Motivational regulation

A

d. Motivational regulation

56
Q

In motivational interviewing, ambivalence is seen as which of the following?

a. A sign of resistance
b. A trait of difficult clients
c. A roadblock to change
d. A normal part of the change process

A

d. A normal part of the change process

57
Q

Changing because of outside pressures is a controlled motive; however, changing because an individual wants to change is considered to be which one of the following?

a. Integrated motive
b. Self-determined motive
c. Autonomous motive
d. Extrinsic motive

A

c. Autonomous motive

58
Q

With which of the following does motivational interviewing start?

a. Giving the client advice
b. A 24-hour dietary recall
c. Rolling with resistance
d. Collaboration

A

d. Collaboration

59
Q

Which of the following reframes the idea of failures as ineffective solutions?

a. A process mindset
b. Affirmations
c. Self-esteem
d. Self-determination theory

A

a. A process mindset

60
Q

Which of the following is the theory that proposes that motivation lies on a continuum from amotivation, to extrinsic motivation, to intrinsic motivation?

a. Self-determination theory
b. Motivational interviewing
c. Self-efficacy theory
d. Social-cognitive theory

A

a. Self-determination theory

61
Q

Which of the following is defined as being the source of one’s behavior?

a. Competence
b. Autonomy
c. Relatedness
d. Self-efficacy

A

b. Autonomy

62
Q

Which stage of change describes people who have no intention to act, and what might a Nutrition Coach do to progress them?

a. Contemplation; enhance self-efficacy
b. Action; make plans
c. Maintenance; empathetic and reflective listening
d. Precontemplation; empathetic and reflective listening

A

d. Precontemplation; empathetic and reflective listening

63
Q

How many motivational interviewing strategies are there?

a. 5
b. 7
c. 4
d. 3

A

a. 5

64
Q

How many basic psychological needs are there in self-determination theory?

a. 4
b. 2
c. 3
d. 5

A

c. 3

65
Q

Which of the following can be described as a lack of harmony in the client-coach relationship?

a. Sustain talk
b. Resistance
c. Dissonance
d. Change talk

A

c. Dissonance

66
Q

A client is not sure that they can reduce their intake of snacks at work, but their Nutrition Coach reminds them that they felt the same way when they thought they could not reduce their alcohol intake. The coach is using which of the following to increase this client’s self-efficacy for the specific task of reducing snacks?

a. Vicarious experience
b. Verbal persuasion
c. Physiological states
d. Performance accomplishments

A

b. Verbal persuasion

67
Q

When a coach argues that a client’s behavior needs to change, the client may respond by doing which of the following?

a. Accepting the need for change
b. Asking for more advice
c. Defending their behavior
d. Moving from contemplation to action

A

c. Defending their behavior

68
Q

Which of the following is true in regards to motivational interviewing?

a. It is a confrontational approach for enhancing external motivation.
b. It is a client-centered approach for enhancing intrinsic motivation.
c. It is a consequence-driven approach for enhancing controlled motivation.
d. It is a directive approach for enhancing autonomous motivation.

A

b. It is a client-centered approach for enhancing intrinsic motivation.

NASM CNC Exam Flashcards (24 decks)

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