Alcohol

Question 1

The primary enzyme involved in metabolism of ethanol.

Answer 1

alcohol dehydrogenase

Question 2

The initial metabolism of ethanol occurring in the stomach.

Answer 2

first-pass metabolism

Question 3

The speed at which ethanol enters the bloodstream from the stomach.

Answer 3

rate of absorption

Question 4

The amount of ethanol in the blood relative to water.

Answer 4

blood alcohol content (BAC)

Question 5

The toxic product of ethanol metabolism, which has to be further metabolized immediately to avoid its toxic effects.

Answer 5

Acetaldehyde

Question 6

The enzyme used to metabolize toxic acetaldehyde.

Answer 6

Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase

Question 7

True or false?

Just like carbohydrates and fats, ethanol metabolism is regulated by hormones and excess ethanol in the blood is stored within soft tissues for later use.

Answer 7

False

Question 8

Which of the following are reasons why men, on average, will have a lower blood alcohol content (BAC) than women after consuming the same quantity of ethanol?

Select all that apply.

A. Men have a higher percentage of bodily water
B. First pass metabolism is greater in men
C. Men use ethanol for energy differently than women
D. Women can tolerate higher BACs than men

Answer 8

A. Men have a higher percentage of bodily water

B. First pass metabolism is greater in men

Question 9

What is the end-product of ethanol metabolism, which is then converted to acetyl-CoA similar to the beta-oxidation of fatty acids?

Answer 9

Acetate

Question 10

What is moderate drinking classified as?

Answer 10

One standard drink for women, two standard drinks for men.

Question 11

Why can men drink more than women (why is their BAC lower after drinking the same amount)?

Answer 11

More percentage of water in body, greater first pass metabolism

Question 12

Calories left over in a diet once nutritional requirements have been met.

Answer 12

discretionary energy

Question 13

Like the way in which excess glucose alters whole-body fat oxidation, excess ______, produced during the metabolism of ethanol, is transported and oxidized in peripheral tissue at the expense of normal fat oxidation.

Answer 13

acetate

Question 14

What is produced during ethanol metabolism?

Answer 14

acetate

Question 15

What is the definition of a standard drink?

Answer 15

A beverage containing 0.6 ounces of ethanol

Question 16

True of false?

Moderate consumption of alcoholic beverages (1 standard drink per day for women, 2 per day for men) has been shown to support lower-fat body compositions than both heavy drinkers or total abstainers.

Answer 16

True

Question 17

Which of the following are healthy techniques to reduce the impact of alcohol intoxication?

Select all that apply.

A. Drink liquor before beer and you’re in the clear
B. Eat before drinking alcohol to slow absorption and speed up processing
C. Stay hydrated so ethanol concentration in the blood stays lower
D. Drink on an empty stomach so it processes faster
E. Binge drink regularly to build up a tolerance

Answer 17

B. Eat before drinking alcohol to slow absorption and speed up processing
C. Stay hydrated so ethanol concentration in the blood stays lower

Question 18

How does frequent alcohol usage affect athletic performance?

Select all that apply.

A. Increases protein synthesis
B. Increases testosterone secretion
C. Increases reaction time
D. Increases recovery time

Answer 18

C. Increases reaction time

D. Increases recovery time

Question 19

Which of the following makes some nutrition researchers recommend the moderate consumption of red wine as part of a healthy diet?

A. It is lower in ethanol than other beverages
B. It is high in essential vitamins and minerals
C. It is low in acetaldehyde toxins
D. It is high in antioxidant polyphenols

Answer 19

D. It is high in antioxidant polyphenols

Question 20

True or false?

Longer duration, aerobic exercise performance is reduced after drinking alcohol, with greater effects seen as the amount of ethanol consumed increases.

Answer 20

True

Question 21

True or False?

When sleeping after consuming ethanol, there is an increase growth hormone secretion by the pituitary gland, positively affecting sleep quality.

Answer 21

False

Question 22

What is the risk associated with drinking alcohol in cold environments?

Answer 22

hypothermia

Question 23

What effect can reduced pyruvate from alcohol metabolism have if liver glycogen is low?

a. Fatty acid accumulation
b. Fatty liver disease
c. Cancer of the liver
d. Severe hypoglycemia

Answer 23

d. Severe hypoglycemia

Question 24

Reduced ____ in cells due to ethanol metabolism negatively impacts gluconeogenesis in the liver and can lead to severe hypoglycemia if liver glycogen is already low

Answer 24

pyruvate

Question 25

Approximately how much ethanol is metabolized per hour?

Answer 25

7 grams

Question 26

What are the likely effects of consuming alcohol prior to going to sleep? a. No change to sleep patterns or hormone secretion b. Increase in REM sleep and increase in growth hormone secretion c. Decreased non-REM sleep and decreased growth hormone secretion d. Increased non-REM sleep and decreased growth hormone secretion

Answer 26

d. Increased non-REM sleep and decreased growth hormone secretion

Question 27

Based on the U.S. style eating pattern, how much energy should come from discretionary sources? a. 18% b. 14% c. 5% d. 8%

Answer 27

b. 14%

Question 28

Which intermediate substrate in the processing of ethanol is highly toxic and must be metabolized rapidly and preferentially above all other macronutrients? a. Acetate b. ALDH2 c. NADH d. Acetaldehyde

Answer 28

d. Acetaldehyde

Question 29

Which intermediate substrate in the processing of ethanol is highly toxic and must be metabolized rapidly and preferentially above all other macronutrients?

Answer 29

acetaldehyde

Question 30

Why is breath alcohol level used as a measure of intoxication? a. Because a small amount of ethanol stays in the mouth after being consumed b. Because ethanol in the blood flowing to the mouth and head is excreted through the tissue inside the mouth c. Because the end products of alcohol metabolism are excreted in the breath and can be measured by a breathalyzer d. Because small amounts of ethanol are excreted in the breath

Answer 30

d. Because small amounts of ethanol are excreted in the breath

Question 31

Based on research, which group of college athletes is more likely to regularly consume alcohol at hazardous levels? a. Intercollegiate athletes b. All athletes are equally likely to consume hazardous levels of alcohol. c. Athletes from individual sports d. Intramural/club athletes

Answer 31

d. Intramural/club athletes

Question 32

How many questions are there in the USAUDIT-C questionnaire?

Answer 32

3

Question 33

An alcohol-related reduction in which hormone can lead to muscle loss?

Answer 33

Testosterone

Question 34

Alcoholics often suffer from structural and functional damage to their brain as a result of a deficiency in which vitamin?

Answer 34

Thiamine

Question 35

What enzyme, that is responsible for the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide, indirectly contributes to ethanol metabolism?

Answer 35

Catalase

Question 36

According to the USAUDIT-C, harmful alcohol consumption is indicated by scoring above which of the following thresholds? a. 3 for males and 2 for females b. 8 for males and 6 for females c. 7 for males and 5 for females d. 4 for males and 3 for females

Answer 36

c. 7 for males and 5 for females