Alcohol Flashcards
The primary enzyme involved in metabolism of ethanol.
alcohol dehydrogenase
The initial metabolism of ethanol occurring in the stomach.
first-pass metabolism
The speed at which ethanol enters the bloodstream from the stomach.
rate of absorption
The amount of ethanol in the blood relative to water.
blood alcohol content (BAC)
The toxic product of ethanol metabolism, which has to be further metabolized immediately to avoid its toxic effects.
Acetaldehyde
The enzyme used to metabolize toxic acetaldehyde.
Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase
True or false?
Just like carbohydrates and fats, ethanol metabolism is regulated by hormones and excess ethanol in the blood is stored within soft tissues for later use.
False
Which of the following are reasons why men, on average, will have a lower blood alcohol content (BAC) than women after consuming the same quantity of ethanol?
Select all that apply.
A. Men have a higher percentage of bodily water
B. First pass metabolism is greater in men
C. Men use ethanol for energy differently than women
D. Women can tolerate higher BACs than men
A. Men have a higher percentage of bodily water
B. First pass metabolism is greater in men
What is the end-product of ethanol metabolism, which is then converted to acetyl-CoA similar to the beta-oxidation of fatty acids?
Acetate
What is moderate drinking classified as?
One standard drink for women, two standard drinks for men.
Why can men drink more than women (why is their BAC lower after drinking the same amount)?
More percentage of water in body, greater first pass metabolism
Calories left over in a diet once nutritional requirements have been met.
discretionary energy
Like the way in which excess glucose alters whole-body fat oxidation, excess ______, produced during the metabolism of ethanol, is transported and oxidized in peripheral tissue at the expense of normal fat oxidation.
acetate
What is produced during ethanol metabolism?
acetate
What is the definition of a standard drink?
A beverage containing 0.6 ounces of ethanol
True of false?
Moderate consumption of alcoholic beverages (1 standard drink per day for women, 2 per day for men) has been shown to support lower-fat body compositions than both heavy drinkers or total abstainers.
True
Which of the following are healthy techniques to reduce the impact of alcohol intoxication?
Select all that apply.
A. Drink liquor before beer and you’re in the clear
B. Eat before drinking alcohol to slow absorption and speed up processing
C. Stay hydrated so ethanol concentration in the blood stays lower
D. Drink on an empty stomach so it processes faster
E. Binge drink regularly to build up a tolerance
B. Eat before drinking alcohol to slow absorption and speed up processing
C. Stay hydrated so ethanol concentration in the blood stays lower
How does frequent alcohol usage affect athletic performance?
Select all that apply.
A. Increases protein synthesis
B. Increases testosterone secretion
C. Increases reaction time
D. Increases recovery time
C. Increases reaction time
D. Increases recovery time
Which of the following makes some nutrition researchers recommend the moderate consumption of red wine as part of a healthy diet?
A. It is lower in ethanol than other beverages
B. It is high in essential vitamins and minerals
C. It is low in acetaldehyde toxins
D. It is high in antioxidant polyphenols
D. It is high in antioxidant polyphenols
True or false?
Longer duration, aerobic exercise performance is reduced after drinking alcohol, with greater effects seen as the amount of ethanol consumed increases.
True
True or False?
When sleeping after consuming ethanol, there is an increase growth hormone secretion by the pituitary gland, positively affecting sleep quality.
False
What is the risk associated with drinking alcohol in cold environments?
hypothermia
What effect can reduced pyruvate from alcohol metabolism have if liver glycogen is low?
a. Fatty acid accumulation
b. Fatty liver disease
c. Cancer of the liver
d. Severe hypoglycemia
d. Severe hypoglycemia
Reduced ____ in cells due to ethanol metabolism negatively impacts gluconeogenesis in the liver and can lead to severe hypoglycemia if liver glycogen is already low
pyruvate
Approximately how much ethanol is metabolized per hour?
7 grams
What are the likely effects of consuming alcohol prior to going to sleep?
a. No change to sleep patterns or hormone secretion
b. Increase in REM sleep and increase in growth hormone secretion
c. Decreased non-REM sleep and decreased growth hormone secretion
d. Increased non-REM sleep and decreased growth hormone secretion
d. Increased non-REM sleep and decreased growth hormone secretion
Based on the U.S. style eating pattern, how much energy should come from discretionary sources?
a. 18%
b. 14%
c. 5%
d. 8%
b. 14%
Which intermediate substrate in the processing of ethanol is highly toxic and must be metabolized rapidly and preferentially above all other macronutrients?
a. Acetate
b. ALDH2
c. NADH
d. Acetaldehyde
d. Acetaldehyde
Which intermediate substrate in the processing of ethanol is highly toxic and must be metabolized rapidly and preferentially above all other macronutrients?
acetaldehyde
Why is breath alcohol level used as a measure of intoxication?
a. Because a small amount of ethanol stays in the mouth after being consumed
b. Because ethanol in the blood flowing to the mouth and head is excreted through the tissue inside the mouth
c. Because the end products of alcohol metabolism are excreted in the breath and can be measured by a breathalyzer
d. Because small amounts of ethanol are excreted in the breath
d. Because small amounts of ethanol are excreted in the breath
Based on research, which group of college athletes is more likely to regularly consume alcohol at hazardous levels?
a. Intercollegiate athletes
b. All athletes are equally likely to consume hazardous levels of alcohol.
c. Athletes from individual sports
d. Intramural/club athletes
d. Intramural/club athletes
How many questions are there in the USAUDIT-C questionnaire?
3
An alcohol-related reduction in which hormone can lead to muscle loss?
Testosterone
Alcoholics often suffer from structural and functional damage to their brain as a result of a deficiency in which vitamin?
Thiamine
What enzyme, that is responsible for the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide, indirectly contributes to ethanol metabolism?
Catalase
According to the USAUDIT-C, harmful alcohol consumption is indicated by scoring above which of the following thresholds?
a. 3 for males and 2 for females
b. 8 for males and 6 for females
c. 7 for males and 5 for females
d. 4 for males and 3 for females
c. 7 for males and 5 for females
