Motivation, Personality, and Emotion Flashcards
The theory that motivation arises from the desire to reduce internal tension caused by unmet biological needs.
Drive-Reduction Theory!
A Defense Mechanism: Creating false but plausible excuses to justify unacceptable behavior.
Rationalization!
The tendency to act impulsively without regard for social norms.
Disinhibition!
A theory that emphasizes the influence of cognitive processes and social interactions on behavior.
Social-Cognitive Theory
The theory that individuals seek out novel and intense experiences.
Adventure Seeking
A model that identifies five main traits (openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism) that describe personality.
Big-Five Theory
Reverting to an earlier stage of development in the face of stress.
Regression!
Psychological personality tests that use ambiguous stimuli to uncover hidden emotions and conflicts.
Projective Test!
The interpretation and labeling of emotions based on the situation.
Cognitive Label
The tendency to become easily bored and seek out new experiences.
Boredom Susceptibility
Attributing one’s own unacceptable thoughts to others.
Projection!
Situations where one must choose between two unattractive options.
Avoidance-Avoidance Conflict
In Humanistic Psychology: The drive to realize one’s full potential.
Self-Actualizing Theory!
Belief in one’s ability to succeed in specific situations.
Self-Efficacy!
Situations where one must choose between two attractive options.
Approach-Approach Conflict!
The interacting influences of behavior, internal cognition, and environment.
Reciprocal Determinism!
In Humanistic Psychology, Accepting and valuing a person regardless of their behavior.
Unconditional Positive Regard!
A theory of personality that emphasizes unconscious motives and conflicts.
Psychodynamic Theory
Channeling unacceptable impulses into socially acceptable activities.
Sublimation!
A Defense Mechanism: Acting in a way that is opposite to one’s unacceptable thoughts or feelings.
Reaction Formation!
The pursuit of excitement and adventure.
Thrill
Redirecting emotions from a dangerous object to a safer one.
Displacement!
Questionnaires used to assess personality traits.
Personality Inventories
Theories that focus on identifying and measuring individual personality characteristics.
Trait Theory
Stimuli that trigger emotional responses.
Elicitors
Motivation driven by internal rewards.
Intrinsic Motivation
Innate biological patterns of behavior.
Instincts
The evaluation of a situation to determine its significance for one’s well-being.
Cognitive Appraisal!
Motivation driven by external rewards.
Extrinsic Motivation!
Pushing distressing memories out of the conscious mind.
Repression!
According to Freud: Part of the mind that contains thoughts and feelings not currently in conscious awareness.
Unconscious Mind!
Refusing to accept reality or facts.
Denial
Unconscious strategies used by the ego to reduce anxiety.
Defense Mechanisms!
The experience of feeling or emotion.
Affect!
The theory that facial expressions can influence emotional experiences.
Facial Feedback Theory!
A psychological perspective that emphasizes personal growth and the achievement of human potential.
Humanistic Psychology
Social norms that dictate how emotions should be expressed.
Display Rules!
One’s perception of themselves (real and Ideal).
Self-Concept
Situations where a decision has both positive and negative aspects.
Approach-Avoidance Theory!
The theory that individuals are motivated to maintain an optimal level of arousal using the Yerkes-Dodson Law
Arousal Theory
