Biology Flashcards
Nature
Genetic and biological factors influencing development.
Nurture
Environmental factors influencing development.
Evolutionary Perspective
Explores how natural selection influences behavior and mental processes.
Natural Selection
Process where traits that enhance survival are passed on
Eugenics
The controversial practice of improving genetic quality by selective breeding
Genetic Predisposition
Increased likelihood of developing a condition based on genetics.
CNS
Brain and spinal cord. AKA The Central nervous system
Sensory Neurons
Transmit sensory information to the CNS.
Adoption Studies
Research comparing adopted children to their biological and adoptive parents.
Twin Studies
Research comparing similarities between identical and fraternal twins.
Reflex Arc
Pathway for reflex actions
Motor Neurons
Transmit commands from the CNS to muscles.
Interneurons
Connect neurons within the CNS
PNS
Nerves outside the CNS. AKA The Peripheral nervous system
Somatic Nervous System
Controls voluntary movements.
ANS
Controls involuntary bodily functions AKA The Autonomic nervous system.
Sympathetic Nervous System
Activates fight-or-flight response.
Parasympathetic Nervous System
Promotes rest and digestion.
Neurons
Nerve cells transmitting information.
Glial Cells
Support and protect neurons.
Neural Transmission
Process of sending signals between neurons.
Action Potential
Electrical impulse traveling down a neuron.
All or Nothing
Principle states that neurons either fire completely or not at all
Resting Potential
Electrical charge across the neuron membrane when not firing
Depolarization
Reduction in membrane potential making a neuron more likely to fire.
Refractory Period
Time after an action potential when a neuron can’t fire again.