MOTIVATION AND EMOTION 2

Question 1

Sexual motivation

Answer 1

reproduction, pleasure, express love, intimacy come up here pressure, marital duty

Question 2

Sexual behaviour patterns in Australia

Answer 2

• 70% of couples engage in sex at least one day per week
• Young individuals tend to engage in more sex
• most common is your first sexual intercourse is 16
• no premarital sex 2% of men and 6% of women

Question 3

Hormonal influences

Answer 3

Hypothalamus–> gonadotropins –> pituatiary gland –> gonads–>androgens (testosterone) and oestrogen (oestradiol)

1) prenatal development: xx or Xy determine gender
2) 10 year old (release of the secondary set of hormones)

Question 4

Psychological processes about sexual arousal

Answer 4

increase sexual arousal

• desire and sexual stimulus
• sexual fantasies one per day (1/2 men and 1/5 women)

Decrease sexual arousal

• Losing interest due to partners behaviour (angry at them)
• can be dis interested in sex for about one month (1/2 women and 1/4 men)

Question 5

Cultural influences

Answer 5

• kissing is not universal
• apinyae: bite off and spit out partners eyebrows
• l

Question 6

Social motivation

Answer 6

-Great access to sexual mate, protection from predators, efficient division of labour, transmission of knowledge, obtain positive stimulation, receive emotional support, gain attention, the social comparison

Question 7

Achievement motivation

Answer 7

McClelland and Atkinson

• need for achievement is the positive desire to accomplish tasks successfully with high standards of excellence
• positive /negative orientation
• high on achievement, high and avoidance Failure
• high and low need achievers

Question 8

Achievement goal theory

Answer 8

• used to explain achievement motivation in goal attainment situation
• mastery orientation focus on personal improvement, giving maximal effort and perfecting skills (self)
• ego orientation focuses on the outperforming others with as little effort as possible (others)
• motivational climate refers to situation of factors that encourage mastery of ego orientation

Question 9

Achievement goal theory

Answer 9

MASTERY
Approach: want to do it for yourself
avoidance: avoid a bad mark

EGO
approach: want to beat others
Avoidance: don’t want people to beat me

Question 10

Emotions

Answer 10

-emotions refer to effective state involving pattern of cognition, physiological and behavioural reactions to events

Emotions serve adaptive functions: Survival, form of intimate relationship and bonds, communicate internal states, life satisfaction, reaction to events

Question 11

Nature of emotions

Answer 11

Share common features

1) triggering events (internal/external)
2) cognitive appraisals (thought you have about a particular stimulus)
3) physiological responses
4) behavioural tendencies (physically observable behaviours people illicit)

Question 12

Innate and environmental influences

Answer 12

• some emotions may be innate or universal
• can be recognised across cultures
• emotional displays show cultural variations
• norms regarding emotional displays
• cultural display rules

Question 13

James-Lange theory

Answer 13

William James and carle Lange

-proposed that physiological responses can cause emotions

controversial

• many emotions have similar physiological reactions
• The viscera (organs) relatively insensitive
• our bodies react too slowly

Question 14

Cannon-bard theory

Answer 14

• Walter cannon and Phillip bard
• argued subjective experience and physiological responses occurred independently and in parallel
• sensory information sent to the thalamus: Siri will cortex (emotions) internal organs (physiological response)