Motivation Flashcards

1
Q

what are the three things that make up motivation?

A
  1. intensity (how hard person tries)
  2. direction (where effort is channeled)
  3. persistence (how long effort is maintained)
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2
Q

what are the two sources of motivation?

A
  1. extrinsic motivators

2. intrinsic motivators

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3
Q

what are examples of goals for an organization?

A

low absenteeism, creativity, high productivity, etc

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4
Q

what are examples of goals for an individual?

A

personal dev, financial goals, recognition

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5
Q

which needs theory is popular but research does not support it?

A

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

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6
Q

In McClelland’s Theory of Needs, what are the 3 needs?

A
  1. need for affiliation
  2. need for achievement
  3. need for power
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7
Q

which needs theory predicts that people are motivated to seek out and perform well in jobs that match their needs?

A

McClelland’s Theory of Needs

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8
Q

describe the need for affiliation in McClelland’s theory

A
  • desire to be associated with specific people and groups
  • strong need to belong to and be identified with a group
  • attempts to forge friendly and close interpersonal relationships
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9
Q

describe the need for achievement in McClelland’s theory

A
  • desire to do something better or more efficiently
  • want to solve problems
  • master tasks
  • prefer work that involves individual responsibility for results, provides feedback on perf, challenging goals
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10
Q

describe the need for power in McClelland’s theory

A
  • desire to control other persons and influence their behaviour
  • prefer work that has impact on people, brings public recognition
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11
Q

what is the Equity Theory

A
  • we make comparison between our inputs and outputs compared to others similar to us
  • tension arises when unequal
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12
Q

what are three ways of dealing with under or over-reward (Equity theory?)

A
  1. change reference point
  2. change inputs
  3. change outcomes
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13
Q

What is the theory that says that intrinsic rewards decline when extrinsic rewards are offered?

A

Cognitive Evaluation Theory

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14
Q

describe cognitive evaluation theory

A

when someone is motivated to do a task that they love, offering rewards decreases their motivation for it

why?

  • you now think of it as work
  • feel less in control
  • no longer self-determination
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15
Q

which theory states that specific and difficult goals lead to higher performance?

A

Locke’s Goal Setting Theory

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16
Q

the most motivating goals are ___ and ___

A

difficult and specific

17
Q

setting goals motivates in 4 ways:

A
  1. increase persistence
  2. regulate effort (energize)
  3. direct attention
  4. encourage development of plan and action
18
Q

What are Locke’s 3 factors that influence goal to performance connection?

A
  1. goal commitment –> participatory and public
  2. tasks –> simple, routine, independent
  3. national culture
19
Q

____ is the belief that one is capable of performing a task

A

self-efficacy

-influences how you respond to a challenge and negative feedback

20
Q

which theory says that motivation is determined by the outcomes people expect to occur as a result of their actions on the job?

A

Expectancy theory

21
Q

what are the 3 aspects in the Expectancy theory?

A
  1. expectancy: effort will lead to desired performance
  2. instrumentality: desired performance will lead to promised rewards
  3. valence: the outcome is attractive or valuable to me
22
Q

what are the 5 core dimensions in job crafting?

A
  1. skill variety
  2. task identity
  3. task significance
  4. autonomy
  5. feedback
23
Q

what are 3 ways to job craft?

A
  1. change boundaries of job
  2. change relationships at work
  3. change interpretation of job