Communicating Flashcards
converting a message into symbolic form is ___
encoding
when encoding, it is important to: (2)
- recognize importance of being persuasive
2. frame message with respect to receiver
the recognition and comprehension of a message followed by the interpretation and evaluation of said message is ____
decoding
what are the 5 steps in active listening?
- no judgement or evaluation
- repeat it back or paraphrase content
- reflect on implications, test out expansion of their idea
- ask about assumptions, beliefs, feelings
- invite further contribution
name some barriers to communication (7)
- “noise”
- manipulation of messages
- poor choice of channel
- selective decoding
- info overload
- anxiety and defensiveness
- different interpretations of actions, words, symbols
what are channels?
medium through which a message travels
give examples of high and low channels
high: face-to-face, video conference
low: email, formal report, letter
collectivist vs. individualist cultures
- indirect vs direct communication
- modest vs self-promoting
- silence vs talkative
- high vs low context
- body language
what are cultural issues with “talking”
some cultures see talking as knowledge and confidence, others see it as noise and self-promoting
____ share both intro and extroverted characteristics
ambiverts
the vicious cycle of introverts can relate to ___ ___
stereotype threat
what are the main 4 issues with communication?
- universal errors
- cultural differences
- introvert/extrovert differences
- gender differences
gender differences can apply in 4 areas
- apologies
- feedback
- compliments
- conflict
what are the three types of noise that prevent effective listening?
- environmental (ex. lawnmower)
- physiological (ex. headache)
- emotional (ex. worry, fear)
high vs. low context
high context culture:
- many things left unsaid
- word choice important
- more intuitive
low context culture:
- communicator must be explicit
- generally talk more to convey message
