Motivation Flashcards

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1
Q

Motivation

A

an internal state or condition that directs behaviour

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2
Q

Instinct theory

A

People are motivated by their biological instincts

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3
Q

instincts

A

inborn behavioural tendencies activated by stimuli in our environments

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4
Q

Drive reduction theory

A

belief that physiological need creates an aroused state that drive us to reduce that need to gain equilibrium and homeostasis

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5
Q

Arousal theory

A

we are motivated to pursue an optimum level of stimulation

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6
Q

Yerkes-dodson law

A

performance on task is best when the arousal level is optimal for that specific task

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7
Q

Incentive Theory

A

Involves intrinsic motivation and extrinsic

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8
Q

Intrinsic motivations

A

motivated by internal factors and engaging in a behaviour simply for the satisfaction that is part of doing

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9
Q

Primary incentives

A

rewards or punishments that are innate

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10
Q

Secondary incentives

A

viewed as rewarding as a result of learning about their association with other events such as grades

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11
Q

Incentive Salience

A

causes motivational power

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12
Q

Pleasure in the moment produces

A

opiates in the brain as well as dopamine

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13
Q

Dopamine Pathway

A

Ventral Tegmental Area to Nucleus Accumbens to Prefrontal Cortex

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14
Q

Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs (bottom up)

A

Physiological Needs - Safety - Love - Esteem - Self Actualization

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15
Q

Cues to eat:

A

Empty stomach and low blood glucose levels may stimulate the lateral hypothalamus to motivate us to eat while at the same time inhibiting satisfaction signals from the ventromedial region of the hypothalamus

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16
Q

Cues to stop eating

A

stretch receptors are activated and blood glucose levels reached a certain level, along with high levels of leptin, making the VMH become active and inhibit the LH

17
Q

Dual Centre Theory of Motivation

A

Activity in one area serves to inhibit the area that serves the opposite function

18
Q

Anorexia Nervosa

A

Preoccupied with being or becoming fat, distorted body image

19
Q

Treatments for anorexia nervosa

A

cognitive behavioural therapy, hospitalization, family therapy

20
Q

Bulimia Nervosa

A

Cycle of binging and purging. Exercise excessively, most do not appear underweight

21
Q

Treatment of bulimia

A

behavioural modification, cognitive therapy, antidepressant drugs

22
Q

5 phases of sex

A

Desire phase, Excitement phase, plateau phase, orgasm phase, resolution phase

23
Q

Two sex hormones in the brain

A

testosterone and estrogen

24
Q

Excitement phase of sex activates (5)

A

the hypothalamus, amygdala, prefrontal cortex, striatum, and ventral segmental area

25
Q

Orgasm phase activates

A

cerebellum, ventral tegmental area

26
Q

Male fetus masculinization

A

DHT (dihydrotestosterone) masculinizes the brain after a protein binds to estrogen in the hypothalamus

27
Q

Evolutionary theory of sexuality

A

gender differences have evolved to maximize the odds of survival

28
Q

Causes of sexual orientation

A

prenatal expose to hormones, differin sizes of the anterior hypothalamus

29
Q

Desire PhaseL Sexual Aversion Disorder

A

low desire, sex viewed as unpleasant and repulsice

30
Q

Excitement Phase: Female Sexual Arousal Disorder/Erectile Disorder

A

cannot attain or maintain proper lubrication/erection

31
Q

Orgasm phase problems

A

premature ejaculation or orgasmic disorder

32
Q

3 causes of sexual disfunction

A

biological, psychological (depression/anxiety), men

33
Q

3 treatments of sex problems

A

cognitive behavioural, couple and family techniques, viagra

34
Q

Paraphilias

A

People who have sexual urges in response to objects or situations that society considers innappropriate

35
Q

Exhibitionism

A

Urge to expose one’s own genitals to unsuspecting people

36
Q

Voyeurism

A

Acting on urges to watch unsuspecting people who are undressing or engaging in sexual activity

37
Q

Affiliation

A

need to form attachments to other people for support, guidance and protection