Motivation Flashcards
What is motivation
The factors influencing the way people behave
What are the 4 types of motivation
Financial incentives, non financial incentives, individual character and desire to achieve a goal
Describe engaged employees
Achieved through motivation, employees who are fully committed to their role and strive to help the business achieve its objectives
What are the benefits of motivation
Higher labour productivity, lower labour turnover, higher retention rates, lower unit cost, lower absenteeism, improved customer service and better workplace relations
Describe Taylors theory of scientific management
Workers are not capable of understanding their tasks and should follow strict rules on how to produce products, all tasks should be studied scientifically using a time and motion study, the most efficient way to carry out a task should be adopted by everyone and workers should be closely supervised
Describe Mayo’s theory of motivation
Workers should be seen as members of a group not as individuals, workers have social needs, conducted the Hawthorne experiments that resulted in the belief that motivation is improved by consultation, paying an interest in workers, team work and a degree of choice in a working day (when to take a break)
What is Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
Based on seeing human needs as being placed in order, each need must be fulfilled before you can move onto the next, the bottom is Physiological needs, safety and security, love and belonging, self esteem and self actualisation
Describe Herzberg’s theory of motivation
Job satisfaction is a key factor in motivation, it can be influenced both positively and negatively
Describe motivating factors in Herzberg’s theory
If present lead to job satisfaction and motivation. The factors are achievement, recognition, work, responsibility, promotion and growth
Describe Hygiene factors from Herzberg’s theory
If present do not lead to motivation but if absent lead to dissatisfaction. The factors are Pay and benefits, company policy, workplace, relationships, work conditions, status and job security
What is expectancy theory
Employees will be motivated to behave in a set manner based upon what they believe (expect) the outcome will be, individuals will have different desires but ultimately their performance will be affected by the ability to achieve the desired rewards
What are the three core elements of expectancy theory
Valence, expectancy and instrumentality
What is valence
The reward and degree of desire for that reward
What is expectancy
The belief in the relationship between cause and effect
What is instrumentality
The belief that the desired outcome is obtainable and will be rewarded
Describe victor vroom
First developed expectancy theory based on his study of motivation looking at what prompts an individual to make one decision over another
Describe Lyman Porter and Edward Lawler’s expectancy theory
Based on vrooms but concluded that an employees motivation to complete a task is based on the reward
What are intrinsic rewards
Personal feelings like pride, esteem and achievement
What are extrinsic rewards
Material rewards like bonuses, performance related pay and pay rises
What are financial incentives
The variety of methods that have a money value and are used to reward the workforce and influence their behaviour at work
What are non financial incentives
The methods of motivating employees through elements of job design
Give examples of financial methods of motivation
Piece rate, commission, bonuses, salary schemes, profit share, share ownership and performance related pay
What is consultation
The process of seeking the thoughts and opinions of the employees prior to making decisions that may affect them
What is team working
Where employees are organised into group and work together in order to meet set objectives
What is flexible working
Gives employees greater control over their own work routines
What is job enlargement
An increase in the number, as opposed to level, of responsibilities that an employee has in order to increase motivation
What is job rotation
Varying the tasks that an employee does to reduce boredom and increase the range of skills that the worker has
What is job enrichment
An increase in the level of responsibility that an employee has in order to increase motivation
