motivating (11)

Question 1

_____ in Engineering Management is the act of giving employees reasons or incentives to work to achieve organizational objectives.

Answer 1

motivating

Question 2

_____ is the process of activating behavior, sustaining it, and directing it toward a particular goal.

Answer 2

motivation

Question 3

What are the three factors contributing to motivation? ____

Answer 3

willingness to do a job, self-confidence in carrying out a task, needs satisfaction

Question 4

What are the four theories of motivation? ______

Answer 4

• Maslow’s needs hierarchy theory
• Herzberg’s two-factor theory
• Expectancy Theory
• Goal Setting Theory

Question 5

______ - psychologist who theorized that human beings have five basic needs.

Answer 5

Abraham Maslow

Question 6

According to Maslow’s Need Hierarchy, what are the five basic needs? ____

Answer 6

physiological, security, social, esteem, self actualization

Question 7

The needs are ____, which means, one need will have to be satisfied first before the other need.

Answer 7

hierarchical

Question 8

_____ those that are concerned with biological needs like food, drink, rest, and sex. These needs take priority over other needs.

Answer 8

physiological needs

Question 9

____ these needs include freedom from harm coming from the elements or from other people, financial security.

Answer 9

security needs

Question 10

____ secure love, affection, and the need to be accepted by peers.

Answer 10

social needs

Question 11

_____ the need for a positive self-image and self-respect and the need to be respected by others.

Answer 11

esteem needs

Question 12

____ the fifth and the topmost levels needs. It involved realizing our full potential as human beings and becoming all that we are able to be.

Answer 12

self-actualization needs

Question 13

The Relevance of Maslow’s Theory to Engineering Management:
Even if Maslow’s Theory has been largely questioned, one basic premise cannot be discarded: ______

Answer 13

a fulfilled need no longer motivates an individual

Question 14

What is the process of motivation according to Maslow’s Theory?

Answer 14

needs, motivation, action or goal-directed behavior, needs satisfaction

Question 15

Herzberg’s two-factor theory was developed by ______.

Answer 15

Frederick Herzberg

Question 16

____ indicates that a satisfied employee is motivated from within to work harder and that a dissatisfied employee is not self-motivated.

Answer 16

Herzberg’s two-factor theory

Question 17

What are the two classes of factors associated with employee satisfaction and dissatisfaction? ____

Answer 17

• satisfiers or motivation factors
• dissatisfiers or hygience factors

Question 18

_____ are responsible for jib satisfaction

Answer 18

satisfiers or motivation factors

Question 19

What are the satisfiers or motivation factors - responsible for job satisfaction? ___-

Answer 19

achievements, recognition, work itself, responsibility, advancement, and growth

Question 20

_____ are responsible for job dissatisfaction

Answer 20

dissatisfiers or hygiene factors

Question 21

What are the dissatisfiers or hygiene factors - responsible for job dissatisfaction? _____

Answer 21

• company policy and administration
• supervision
• relationship with supervisor
• work conditions
• salary
• relationship with peers
• personal life
• relationship with subordinates
• status
• security

Question 22

In _____: The engineer manager must do something to eliminate the dissatisfiers and install satisfiers.

Answer 22

Herzberg’s theory

Question 23

______ a motivation model based on the assumption that an individual will work depending on his perception of the probability of his expectations to happen.

Answer 23

expectancy theory

Question 24

_____ poses the idea that motivation is determined by expectancies and valences.

Answer 24

expectancy theory

Question 25

_____ a belief about the likelihood or probability that a particular behavioral act will lead to a particular outcome.

Answer 25

expectancy

Question 26

_____ the value an individual places on the expected outcomes of rewards.

Answer 26

valence

Question 27

Expectancy theory is based on the following assumptions: ____

Answer 27

- a combination of forces within the individual and in the environment determined behavior - people make decisions about their own behavior and that of organizations - people have different types of needs, goals, and desires - people make choices among alternative behaviors based on the extent to which they think a certain behavior will lead to a desired outcome

Question 28

_____ the process of improving performances with objectives, deadlines or quality standard.

Answer 28

goal setting theory

Question 29

What are the four components of the goal setting model drawn by Edwin A. Locke? _____

Answer 29

goal content, goal commitment, work behavior, feedback aspects

Question 30

______ to be sufficient in content, goals must be challenging, attainable, specific and measurable, time limited, and relevant.

Answer 30

goal content

Question 31

____ when individual or groups are committed to the goals they are supposed to achieve, there is a chance that they will be able to achieve them.

Answer 31

goal commitment

Question 32

_____ goals influences behavior in terms of direction, effort, persistence, and planning.

Answer 32

work behavior

Question 33

_____ feedbacks provide the individuals with a way of knowing how far they have gone in achieving objectives.

Answer 33

feedback aspects

Question 34

What are the four techniques of motivation? ____

Answer 34

- motivation through job design - motivation through rewards - motivation through employee participation - other motivational techniques for the diverse work force

Question 35

_____ may be defined as "specifying the tasks that constitute a job for an individual or a group."

Answer 35

job design

Question 36

In motivating through the use of job design, 2 approaches may be used: ______

Answer 36

fitting people to jobs, fitting jobs to people

Question 37

Routine and repetitive tasks make workers suffer from chronic dissatisfaction. To avoid this, the following remedies may be adapted: ____

Answer 37

realistic job previews, job rotation, limited exposure

Question 38

_____ where management provides honest explanation of what a job actually entails.

Answer 38

realistic job previews

Question 39

_____ where people are moved periodically from one specialized job to another.

Answer 39

job rotation

Question 40

_____ where a worker's exposure to a highly fragmented and tedious job is limited.

Answer 40

limited exposure

Question 41

______ instead of changing the person, management may consider changing the job.

Answer 41

fitting jobs to people

Question 42

Routine and repetitive tasks make workers suffer from chronic dissatisfaction.

Answer 42

fitting people to jobs

Question 43

Instead of changing the person, management may consider changing the job. This may be achieved with the use of the following: ____

Answer 43

job enlargement, job enrichment

Question 44

______ where to or more specialized tasks is work flow sequence is combined into a single job.

Answer 44

job enlargement

Question 45

____ where efforts are made to make jobs more interesting, challenging, and rewarding.

Answer 45

job enrichment

Question 46

Rewards may be classified into two categories: ____

Answer 46

extrinsic, intrinsic rewards

Question 47

_____ those which refer to payoffs granted to the individuals by another party.

Answer 47

extrinsic

Question 48

____ those which are internally experienced payoffs which are self-granted.

Answer 48

intrinsic rewards

Question 49

Extrinsic rewards must be properly managed in line with the following: ____

Answer 49

- it must satisfy individual needs - the employees must believe effort will lead to reward - rewards must be equitable - rewards must be linked to performance

Question 50

Motivation through job participation Specific activities where employees may participate: ___

Answer 50

setting goals, decision-making, solving problems, designing and implementing organizational changes

Question 51

In the techniques of motivation, what are the two popular approaches to participation? ____

Answer 51

quality control circles, self-managed teams

Question 52

Quality control circles: ___

Answer 52

- method of direct employee participation - to increase productivity and quality of output - consists of 3-10 employees - members are trained in various analysis techniques by a coordinator

Question 53

What is the quality control process? ____

Answer 53

- brainstorming, gathering of data, establish cause & effect - preparation for solutions and recommendations - evaluation and decision-making - measuring of results and feedbacks, recognition and reward-giving to the members

Question 54

Self-managed Teams: _____

Answer 54

- also known as autonomous work groups/high performance teams - group of professionals who work on their own - turns out complete product or service - receives minimal supervision

Question 55

Requisites to successful employee participation program: _____

Answer 55

1. a profit-sharing or gain-sharing plan 2. a long-term employment relationship with good job security 3. effort to build and maintain group cohesiveness 4. protection of the individual employee's right

Question 56

What are other motivation techniques: ____

Answer 56

flexible work schedules, family support services, sabbaticals

Question 57

There is an arrangement called flextime, which allows employees to determine their own arrival and departure time within specified limits.

Answer 57

flexible work schedules

Question 58

____ designed to provide basic services to the families of the employees.

Answer 58

family support services

Question 59

A sabbatical leave is one given to an employee after a certain number of years of service.

Answer 59

sabbaticals

Question 60

____ is the management action of giving employees reasons or incentives to work to achieve organizational objectives.

Answer 60

motivating

Question 61

_____ is the process of activating behavior, sustaining it, and directing it towards a particular goal.

Answer 61

motivation

Question 62

Factors contributing to motivation consists of: _____

Answer 62

willingness to do a job, self-confidence in carrying out a task, needs satisfaction

Question 63

Four theories of motivation: _____

Answer 63

Maslow's need hierarchy theory, Herzberg's two-factor theory, expectancy theory, goal setting theory

Question 64

Various techniques of motivation consists of: _____

Answer 64

motivation through job design, motivation through rewards, motivation through employee participation, other motivation techniques