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BACB TASK LIST 4TH EDITION STUDY DECKS > MORE HARD STUFF (Part 2) > Flashcards

MORE HARD STUFF (Part 2) Flashcards

1
Q

A stimulus change that can increase the future frequency of behavior without prior pairing with any other form of reinforcement.

No learning history required.

A

Unconditioned Reinforcer/Reinforcement

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2
Q

A type of conditioned reinforcer that has been paired with many unconditioned and conditioned reinforcers.

Does not depend on MOs for its effectiveness and are likely to be reinforcing at any time.

Less susceptible to satiation.

A

Generalized Conditioned Reinforcer

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3
Q

AKA: UCR, Primary Reinforcer, Unlearned Reinforcer

Are products of phylogeny.

Example: Food, water, warmth

A

Unconditioned Reinforcer

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4
Q

When a previously neutral stimulus acquires the ability to function as a reinforcer through stimulus-stimulus pairing with one or more unconditioned or conditioned reinforcers.

A

Conditioned Reinforcer/Reinforcement

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5
Q

AKA: GCSR, Generalized Reinforcer

Example: Money, Token systems, Social attention and praise

A

Generalized Conditioned Reinforcer

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6
Q

AKA: CR, Secondary Reinforcer, Learned Reinforcer

Learning history required.

Are products of ontogeny.

A

Conditioned Reinforcer/Reinforcement

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7
Q

When a response is followed immediately by a stimulus that decreases the FUTURE frequency of similar responses.

AKA: Sd-, Sdp, Sp, Punishment-based Sd

A

Punishment

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8
Q

When punishment occurs only in some conditions and not in others.

A

Discriminative Effects of Punishment

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9
Q

Threats are not:

A

Punishment

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10
Q

Unpleasant stimulus

A

Aversive Stimulus

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11
Q
  1. Behavioral contrast
  2. Requires lots of supervision, time and resources
  3. Imitation by individuals of the punishing agent’s behavior.
  4. Escape and avoid from people implementing the procedure or from the setting un which procedure is implemented.
  5. Emotional and aggressive reactions may be produced in the client.
  6. Does not address the cause of the behavior.
    People who are enacting the procedures may be negatively reinforced by their behavior.
  7. Reinforcement should be recommended over punishment.
A

Possible unwanted effects of Punishment

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12
Q

A stimulus change that decreases the future frequency of the behavior that immediately precedes it.

A

Punisher (Sp)

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13
Q

Type 1 Punishment

A

Positive Punishment

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14
Q

A process that occurs when the addition of a stimulus immediately following a behavior results in a decrease in the FUTURE frequency of the behavior.

A

Positive Punishment

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15
Q

5 types of postive punishment interventions

Hint: ROSER

A
  1. Reprimands
  2. Overcorrection
  3. Shock/ Contingent Electrical Stimulation (ECT)
  4. Exercise/ Contingent Exercise
  5. Response Blocking
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16
Q

An individual is required to engage in effortful behavior that is directly related to the challenging behavior.

Restitutional and Postive Practice are two types of:

A

Overcorrection

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17
Q

An individual is required to perform a response not topographically related to the behavior.

A

Contingent Exercise

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18
Q

Repair environment to it’s original state before the behavior and make it a lot better on top of that.

A

Restitutional Overcorrection

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19
Q

Physically intervening as soon as the individual begins to emit the challenging behavior to “block” the completion of the response.

A

Response blocking

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20
Q

Replacement behavior. The individual is required to repeatedly perform a correct form of the behavior for a certain amount of time or a certain number of times. Educative.

A

Positive Practice Overcorrection

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21
Q

A process that occurs when a response is followed immediately by the removal of a stimulus ( or a decrease in the intensity of a stimulus) that decreases the future frequency of similar responses under similar conditions.

A

Negative Punishment

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22
Q

AKA: Type 2 Punishment; Penalty Principle; Penalty Contingency

A

Negative Punishment

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23
Q

Direct loss of positive reinforcers.

A

Direct fines

24
Q

Loss of a specific amount of reinforcement contingent on a behavior.

Produces moderate-to-rapid decreases in behavior.

A

Response Cost

25
Q

When you make additional non-contingent reinforcers available to the individual and then take those away.

A

Bonus Response Cost

26
Q

Two Response Cost Methods:

HINT: BF

A

Bonus Response Cost and Direct Fines

27
Q

The individual is not removed from the space.

These are preffered because they are less restrictive

A

Non-exclusionary Time-out

28
Q

The individual is removed from space.

A

Exclusionary Time-out

29
Q

4 types of non-exclusionary time-out

HINT: IWOR

‘I WOR’ A RIBBON

A
  1. Ignoring/Planned Ignoring
  2. Withdrawal of a specified positive reinforcer
  3. Observation/Contingent observation
  4. Ribbon/Time-out Ribbon
30
Q

Social reinforcers (attention, physical contact, etc.) removed for a specific period of time.

A

Ignoring/planned ignoring

31
Q

Colored band placed on the individual’s wrist. This becomes discriminated for getting reinforcement.

Ribbon on= Reinforcement Earned

Ribbon off = No reinforcement earned

A

Ribbon/time-out ribbon

32
Q

Taking something preferred away.

A

Withdrawal of a specific positive reinforcer

33
Q

The individual is repositioned in the room, so they can observe everything, but do not participate.

A

Ovservation/ contingent observation

34
Q

Confined space outside the individual’s normal environment.

Devoid of positive reinforcers.

Make sure the individual is safely placed.

Should be located near the time-in setting. Minimal furnishing.

A

Room/Time-our room

35
Q

3 types of exclusionary time-out

HINT: RPH

A
  1. Room/time-out room
  2. Partition time-out
  3. Hallway time-out
36
Q

Individual sits in the hallway.

A

Hallway time out

37
Q

Individual remains in the room, but his/her view is restricted by a wall or partition.

A

Partition time out

38
Q

A stimulus change that decreases the frequency of any behavior that immediately precedes it irrespective of the organism’s learning history with the stimulus.

No learning history. Products of phylogeny.

AKA: UCPs, Primary Punishers, Unlearned Punishers

A

Unconditioned Punishers/Punishment

39
Q

AKA For both is aversive control

One increases behavior and the other decreases behavior

Aversive event is added in one and removed away in the other.

A

Postive punishment vs negative reinforcement

40
Q

A previously neutral stimulus that now functions as a punisher because of prior pairing with one or more punishers.

Learning history required.

Products of ontogeny.

AKA: CPs, Secondary Punishers, Learned Punishers

A

Conditioned Punsihers/Punishment

41
Q

A type if conditioned punisher that has been paired with many unconditioned and conditioned punishers.

Do NOT depend on an MO for its effectiveness.

Likely to be punishing at any time.

A

Generalized Conditioned Punishers

AKA: Generalized Punishers

42
Q

Verbal pairing procedure whereby previously neutral stimuli can become conditioned punishers or reinforced for humans without direct pairing.

A

Verbal Analog Conditioning

43
Q

AKA: EXT, Operant Extinction

A procedure that occurs when a previously reinforced response is discontinued, so that behavior decreases in the future.

No reinforcement ➡️ behavior decreases

A maintaining reinforcer is no longer provided.

A

Extinction

44
Q

3rd principle of ABA

NOT A PUNISHMENT PROCEDURE

Using extinction and punishment together is often effective.

Extinction will be more rapid with a behavior that has been maintained by a continuous schedule of reinforcement (CRF).

A

Things to know about EXTINCTION

45
Q

Possible Unwanted Side Effects of Extinction

A
  1. Extinction Burst
  2. Extinction induced aggression
  3. Client rarely displays the target behavior
  4. Dufficult to know what is reinforcing the client’s behavior
  5. Difficult to control the reinforcer for a challenging behavior
  6. Difficulty/dangerous to ignore challenging behaviors.
  7. Challenging behavior being imitated by others sometimes.
  8. Behavior contrast
  9. Extinction that is NOT used in a treatment package can cause ETHICAL CONCERNS. Always use extinction with reinforcement.
46
Q

3 types of Extinction

HINT: PAN

A
  1. Positive Reinforcement (planned ignoring= procedural extinction for attention maintained behavior)
  2. Automatic reinforcement (sensory extinction)
  3. Negative reinforcement (escape extinction)
47
Q

An immediate increase in the frequency of responding when an extinction procedure is initially implemented.

Hint: The burst is first.

A

Extinction burst

48
Q

Mask or remove the sensory consequence.

A

Sensory extinction

49
Q

A typical pattern in which the behavior that diminished during the extinction process reoccurs.

The behavior reoccurs even though the behavior has not been reinforced.

It is not a indication that extinction procedure is ineffective.

Is usually short-lived and followed by a decrease in behavior.

A

Spontaneous Recovery

50
Q

Individual cannot escape aversive situation

A

Escape Extinction

51
Q
  1. Long history of reinforcement
  2. Intermittwnr schedules of reinforcement are more resistant to extinction than CRF.
  3. High quality reinforcer
  4. Large amount of reinforcer
  5. Response requiring little effort
  6. Numbers of previous extinction trials. This relates to intermittent schedules and these schedules are resistant to extinction.
A

Resistance to Extinction

52
Q

Involves the un-pairing of a conditioned stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus.

A

Respondent Extinction

53
Q

Involves withholding reinforcement when the behavior occurs.

A

Operant Extinction

54
Q

When the rate/frequency, latency, duration, or amplitude of a response is altered in the presence of an antecedent stimulus.

A

Stimulus Control

55
Q

Factors affecting stimulus control:

A
  1. Pre-attending skills

2. Stimulus Salience

BACB TASK LIST 4TH EDITION STUDY DECKS (14 decks)

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