More HARD Stuff (Continued) Flashcards
Looking at the instructor, looking at materials, listening to directions, and sitting quietly for short periods of time.
Must be taught BEFORE stimulus control
Pre-attending Skills
Stimulus Salience is affected by two elements:
Masking & Overshadowing
Prominence of the stimulus in a person’s environment.
Increased _____________ makes things easier to learn.
Stimulus Salience
Salience
The presence of one stimulus condition interferes with the acquisition of stimulus control by another stimulus.
The individual cannot learn the behavior because the learning is ___________ by another element.
Overshadowing/overshadowed
Sds and MOs in combo are called:
Repertoire-Altering Effect
Even though a stimulus has acquired stimulus control over a behavior, a competing stimulus can block the evocative function of that stimulus
The behavior is already in the individual’s repertoire, but is __________ by other elements.
Masking/masked
AKA: Sd
A stimulus in the presence of which responses of some type have been reinforced and in the absence of which the same type of responses have occurred and not been reinforced in the past.
Discriminative Stimulus
AKA: S🔺️
A stimulus in the presence of which a given behavior has NOT produced reinforcement in the past.
Is not always zero reinforcement. It can be lesser quality of amount of reinforcement than the Sd.
Stimulus Delta
Let’s you know when reinforcement is available.
Any form of physical energy capable of detection by the organism can function as an ________. The physical energy must relate to the sensory capabilities of the organism.
Sd
Both occur before the before (antecedents)
Both have evocative functions (bring about behavior)
MO is something that changes the value of a stimulus as a reinforcer. Related to the differential reinforcing effectiveness of an environmental event.
A response in the presence of an Sd must produce more reinforcement than it does in its absence. The Sd has to have the promise of the reinforcer based on the reinforcing history but an MO is going to produce the response regardless of reinforcement history.
MO vs Sd
Loose stimulus control
WITHIN
Example: All shades of green
Calling all women “mommy”
Stimulus Generalization
Tight stimulus control
BETWEEN/ACROSS
Example: Green vs. Other colors
Stimulus Discrimination
AKA: Stimulus Generalization Gradient
A graph of the extent to which behavior that has been reinforced in the presence of a specific stimulus condition is emitted in the presence of other stimuli.
Shows the relative degree of stimulus generalization and stimulus control (or discrimination).
Flat Slope = Little Stimulus Control
Increasing Slope = More Stimulus Control
Generalization Gradient
A procedure in which responses are reinforced in the presence of one stimulus condition (the Sd), but not in the presence of the other (S 🔺️).
AKA: Discrimination Training
Stimulus Discrimination Training
Occurs when new stimuli (similar or not similar to the controlling stimulus) do NOT evoke the same response as the controlling stimulus.
Stimulus Discrimination
When an antecedent stimulus has a history of evoking a response that has been reinforced in its presence, the same type of behavior tends to be evoked by stimuli that share similar physical properties with the controlling antecedent stimulus.
Stimulus Generalization
AKA: Concept Formation, Concept Acquisition
A _____ is not Mentalism.
It is a product of both stimulus generalization and stimulus discrimination.
Stimulus discrimination between stimulus classes and stimulus generalization within a stimulus class is needed to form a _________.
A ___________ requires an individual being able to discriminate between what is included in a stimulus class and what is excluded from that same stimulus class.
Concept
Stimuli that are similar to the original Sd evoke the same responses as the original Sd.
The evocative function of stimuli that share physical properties with the controlling antecedent stimulus.
The extent to which the learner improves his/her performance under conditions different from those in which the original training occurred.
The behavior is the same, but in different conditions.
Stimulus Generalization
An antecedent evokes or abates the behavior.
A 3 term contingency is involved:
A discriminative stimulus ➡️ response ➡️ consequence
Simple Discrimination
A four term contingency:
Conditional stimuli➡️ antecedent stimuli➡️ response➡️ consequence
A form of complex stimulus control in which the role of one discriminative stimulus is CONDITIONAL on the presence of other discriminative stimuli (or sometimes an MO).
Conditional Discrimination
