More biological molecules: ATP Flashcards
State what ATP stands for
Adenosine triphosphate
What type of monomer is ATP
A nucleotide
State what processes ATP is used in
- Metabolic processes
- Movement
- Active transport
- Secretion
- Phosphorylation
Define phosphorylation
The attachment of a phosphate group to a molecule or compound often making them more reactive
State the components of ATP
- A Nitrogen containing base - Adenine
- A pentose sugar - Ribose
- 3 phosphate groups
State the function of ATP
To provide immediate source of energy for biological processes
State how ATP is formed
It is formed by condensation reaction between ADP and a Pi during respiration or photosynthesis catalysed by the enzyme ATP synthase
State how ADP is formed
It is formed by hydrolysis reaction between ATP and a Pi catalysed by the enzyme ATP hydrolase
What is produced during the hydrolysis of an ATP molecule
ADP + Pi + (release of energy)
What is produced in the condensation reaction of an ADP molecule
ATP + H2O
Where does the condensation of ADP (synthesis of ATP) occur
AND
During what processes
- The mitochondria
- During aerobic respiration or photosynthesis
State how the instability of the bonds between the phosphate group makes it a good energy source
They are easy to hydrolyse
Explain why ATP is not a good long-term energy store
Because the bonds between the phosphate groups are unstable
State features making ATP a good immediate energy source
- The hydrolysis of ATP to ADP is a single reaction - only one enzyme is req to release energy from ATP
- Releases energy in small manageable quantities
- ATP ⇌ ADP a reversible reaction
- ATP is soluble and easily transported against membranes
- The hydrolysis of ATP can be coupled to energy-requiring reactions within cells
State the equation for ATP hydrolysis
(releases)
ATP + H2O → ADP + Pi + energy
State the equation for ATP synthesis (condensation of ADP)
(req)
ADP + Pi + energy → ATP + H2O
What does ADP stand for
Adenosine diphosphate
Define Pi
Inorganic phosphate
How can ATP be used as an immediate energy source
The hydrolysis of ATP can be coupled to energy-requiring reactions within cells
