More biological molecules: ATP Flashcards
State what ATP stands for
Adenosine triphosphate
What type of monomer is ATP
A nucleotide
State what processes ATP is used in
- Metabolic processes
- Movement
- Active transport
- Secretion
- Phosphorylation
Define phosphorylation
The attachment of a phosphate group to a molecule or compound often making them more reactive
State the components of ATP
- A Nitrogen containing base - Adenine
- A pentose sugar - Ribose
- 3 phosphate groups
State the function of ATP
To provide immediate source of energy for biological processes
State how ATP is formed
It is formed by condensation reaction between ADP and a Pi during respiration or photosynthesis catalysed by the enzyme ATP synthase
State how ADP is formed
It is formed by hydrolysis reaction between ATP and a Pi catalysed by the enzyme ATP hydrolase
What is produced during the hydrolysis of an ATP molecule
ADP + Pi + (release of energy)
What is produced in the condensation reaction of an ADP molecule
ATP + H2O
Where does the condensation of ADP (synthesis of ATP) occur
AND
During what processes
- The mitochondria
- During aerobic respiration or photosynthesis
State how the instability of the bonds between the phosphate group makes it a good energy source
They are easy to hydrolyse
Explain why ATP is not a good long-term energy store
Because the bonds between the phosphate groups are unstable
State features making ATP a good immediate energy source
- The hydrolysis of ATP to ADP is a single reaction - only one enzyme is req to release energy from ATP
- Releases energy in small manageable quantities
- ATP ⇌ ADP a reversible reaction
- ATP is soluble and easily transported against membranes
- The hydrolysis of ATP can be coupled to energy-requiring reactions within cells
State the equation for ATP hydrolysis
(releases)
ATP + H2O → ADP + Pi + energy
