Morbidity and Mortality Flashcards
Terms
A branch of medicine that studies how often diseases occurs in different groups of people and why.
Epidemiology
To describe distribution pattern and history of a disease in a general population and to identify factors that cause disease and evaluate strategies for control management and prevention of disease.
Epidemiology
It is used to plan and evaluate strategies to prevent illness and as a guide to the management of patients in whom disease is already developed.
Epidemiological information
The proportion of a population who have a specific characteristic in a specific time.
Prevalence
A measure of the number of new cases of a characteristic that develop in a population in a specific period.
Incidence
Patterns of disease arrival; spread and decline.
Trends
Longitudinal studies that follow participants over a period.
Cohort studies
Helps in building an understanding of what factors increase or decrease the likelihood of developing disease.
Cohort studies
An approach that follows research participants over a period of time.
Longitudinal study
2 study methods?
Hard and soft science
This includes equipment like swabs, testing, sampling and empirical data or evidences.
Hard science
Supports the gathering of data over immediate, short medium, or long term.
Hard science
This includes political and social issues, people’s experiences.
Soft science
This includes studies about how people make decisions, choices or their ideas about health or illness which gives us a fuller picture and help us to explore the wider determinants of health.
Soft science
Age, gender, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status distribution in the potentially affected community
Demographics
The study of the genes in our DNA, their functions and their influence on the growth, development and working of the body
Genomics
The rate of disease in a population
Morbidity
A person has more than one illness
Co-morbidity
The simultaneous presence of two or more diseases or medical conditions in a patient.
Co-morbidity
Refers to the presence of 2 or more long-term health conditions, which include defined physical and mental health conditions
Multi-morbidity
The number of deaths in a given area or period, or from a particular cause.
Mortality
Unfair and avoidable differences in health across the population, and between different groups within society.
Health inequalities
Sameness
Health inequalities
the differences in health status or in the distribution of health resources between different population groups arising from social conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work and age
Health inequities
Fairness
Health inequities
Also known as health gradient
Social gradient
Socio-economic circumstances benefit more than others, so not everyone has the same opportunities to lead a healthy life.
Social gradient
‘the poorest of the poor, around the world, have the worst health’
Social gradient
Provides organisations and communities with up-to-date and locally relevant public health intelligence
City health profile
Provides local level information for targeting resources and priority setting
City health profile
Identified clear gaps in health inequalities between social classes in 1980
The Black Report
The purpose of the inquiry was to inform the development of the government’s public health strategy and in, particular to contribute to the forthcoming white paper, Our Healthier Nation
The Acheson Report
LeDeR
Learning from lives and deaths - people with learning disability and autistic people
Aims to deliver improved patient care and outcomes for over 10 year period.
NHS Long Term Plan
Focuses on areas such as ‘supporting people to age well’ and ‘making sure everyone gets the best start in life’
NHS Long Term Plan
The report considers immigration and patterns of settlement; the extent to which people from different backgrounds mix and get on together
The Casey Review
A moral, social and economic program for the whole of government in how we will spread opportunity more equally across the UK.
Levelling Up
A national NHS England approach to inform action to reduce healthcare inequalities at both national and system level.
Core20Plus5
5 clinical areas of focus of Core20Plus5
maternity, severe mental illness, chronic respiratory disease, early cancer diagnosis, HTN and lipid optimal management
It is care that is planned with people who work together to understand the service user and their carer(s), puts them in control and coordinates and delivers services to achieve the best outcomes.
Integrated care
The ability of a person to effectively interact, work, and develop meaningful relationships with people of various cultural backgrounds.
Cultural competence
Described as care that reflects “the ability to be appropriately responsive to the attitudes, feelings, or circumstances of groups of people that share a common and distinctive racial, national, religious, linguistic, or cultural heritage”
Cultural sensitivity
