Mental health Flashcards
Terms
They are false perceptions, they are sensory which means we either see, hear, smell, touch or taste them.
Hallucinations
Not being able to experience a stimulus can cause the experience of that stimulus, when you cut off or minimise your sensory input which could lead to unusual experiences
Sensory deprivation
Spending long periods with no sleep can cause to see and hear unusual things
Sleep deprivation
They are misconceptions, we think we see something but it turns out to be something else
Illusions
A relatively benign experience of immersive visual hallucinations often experienced by those losing their eyesight
Charles Bonnet Syndrome
Includes complex visual hallucinations that take over all of someone’s visual field which believed to be a result of the shutting down of the visual cortex as people’s eyesight fails
Charles Bonnet Syndrome
An altered state of consciousness which can occur when people are under acute stress, intoxicated, in pain, suffering from infection, extremely disorientated in a new setting, hypoxic or constipated or any combination of the above.
Delirium
It is a critical nursing problem that is often misdiagnosed
Delirium
A secondary condition which arises from an underlying unmet physical health need
Delirium
This can last from a matter of hours to months
Delirium
Chronic use of stimulants can result in hallucination where people have the sensation of things crawling around under their skin
Formication
Skin picking, where people believe there are things inside them and may harm themselves to remove them
Eckboms syndrome
An umbrella term covering a wide range of different experiences and difficulties for people of which hallucinations are just one form.
Psychosis
They are fixed false beliefs that are not explainable through social context or culture.
Delusions
Different forms of delusions
grandiosity, grandeur, confabulations, ideas of reference
When someone behaves and may also believe themselves to be much more capable, talented, unique or superior than they actually are.
Grandiosity
When someone believes they are really something they are not.
Delusions of grandeur
Short lasting delusional ideas that occur when someone is unable to account for something and then fills in the gaps.
Confabulations
A serious brain condition that is usually, but not exclusively, associated with chronic alcohol misuse and severe alcohol use disorder (AUD)
Korsakoff’s syndrome
A form of delusion where people interpret everyday experiences as having a special significance for them in particular
Ideas of reference
A term for when an idea is held strongly, but no so strongly that it is considered delusional
Over-valued ideas
The most common form of delusional thinking
Paranoia
It normally refers to a person’s experience of fear, anxiety and mistrust of others
Paranoia
May describe a general state of hyperarousal and anxiety about the risk of harm or threat to themselves, or it can be specific to a mistrust of an idea, event or person
Paranoia
This describes when someone believes that they are being harmed by something that is either probably not true or highly unlikely to be true
Delusions of persecution
Describes a series of behaviours where the person’s ability to focus or think are impaired, due to these experiences removing a person’a ability to function
Thought disorder
Removes a person’s ability to function
Negative symptom thought disorders
Negative symptom thought disorders
avolition, alogia, anhedonia, flat/unreactive affect, thought blocking
Refers to an inability to start any activity, the person finds it very difficult or cannot make decisions or set out to do something and may spend long periods doing little
Avolition
Refers to a loss of speech, or minimal speech
Alogia
Refers to a loss of pleasure
Anhedonia
A person does not react to an emotional stimulus or their reaction is muted and below what would be normal for them
Flat/unreactive affect
Inability to retain a thought, when a person tries to express it they lose the thought.
Thought blocking
They add new things to the person’s experiences and functioning
positive symptom thought disorders
Very rapid speech that sounds as if it has little or no punctuation
Pressure of speech/ flight of ideas
Every answer includes a long story that may or may not actually answer the question, variations
circumstantial/ tangential speech
When speech is related to sound rather than content, the person might repeat a statement or become trapped repeating one word, or they might string together words that sound the same or rhymes
Perseveration/clanging/verbigeration
The feeling of being outside of yourself
Dissociation
The feeling that thoughts are being put into your head by an external other
Thought insertion
The feeling that your thoughts can be read by an external other
Thought broadcast
The feeling that some external other can remove certain thoughts from your head
Thought withdrawal
The feeling that your behaviours are really being controlled or caused by someone or something other than you
Passivity experiences
Theory only where there is an imbalance of dopamine, serotonin or glutamate
Chemical imbalance theory
A paramount in where we put what the person wants and their dignity at the heart of practice.
Integrative approach
A critical theorist and activist collective
Recovery in the bin
ACT
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy
Meditation is its key part where it helps them to get in touch with the present moment and distancing us from unhelpful thoughts
ACT
CFT
Compassion Focused Therapy
Mindfulness, self-compassion skills
CFT
Medications for psychosis
risperidone/paliperidone, quetiapine, olanzapine, aripiprazole
Other treatments for psychosis
transcranial magnet resonance imaging, virtual reality interventions, electroconvulsive therapy
Prior to becoming unwell, young people undergo this period where they show initial signs
Prodromal period
Manifestation of psychological distress and how people express themselves through physical symptoms
Somatisation
Also known as medically unexplained symptoms
Somatisation
