Moral Development Flashcards

1
Q

From the evolutionary perspective, how does moral reasoning in infancy help us?

A

To live together in social groups

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2
Q

At ages 6-10 months old, describe how moral reasoning manifests in children when presented with puppets.

A

They prefer ‘helping’ puppets over ‘hindering’ puppets, suggesting in innate sense of morals

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3
Q

What did Kohlberg’s Theory of moral reasoning suggest?

A

There are 3 levels of moral reasoning

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4
Q

In Kohlberg’s theory, what are the 3 levels of moral reasoning and what do they contain?

A
  1. Preconventional - obedience, individualism (infancy - childhood)
  2. Conventional - developing positive relationships, maintaining social order (adolescence to adulthood)
  3. Postconventional - social contract and individual rights, universal principles (adulthood for some, but not all)
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5
Q

What are the 3 standards/domains of social/moral behaviours?

A
  1. Social domain
  2. Personal domain
  3. Moral domain
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6
Q

Activism and strikes demonstrate a sense of justice by taking a moral stand - what does this show?

A

It shows moral reasoning and agency

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7
Q

What are modesty lies?

A

Lying to avoid receiving praise for performing a good deed

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8
Q

According to the Modesty Lie Study, how do Chinese and Canadian children differ?

A

Chinese children are more likely to tell modesty lies because their culture influences them to act in this way

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9
Q

What are prosocial behaviours?

A

Voluntary behaviour intended to benefit others

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10
Q

According to twin studies, what type of twins are more alike in prosocial behaviours?

A

Identical twins

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11
Q

What hormone promotes genes that may have a component to prosocial behaviour?

A

Oxytocin

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12
Q

What type of behaviour violates the rights or harms other people?

A

Antisocial behaviour

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13
Q

What are the 4 types of aggression?

A
  1. Instrumental aggression - meant to achieve a certain goal
  2. Hostile aggression - motivated by a desire to hurt someone
  3. Reactive aggression - in response to a real or perceived threat or frustration
  4. Relational aggression - harm within relationships rooted from manipulation or bullying
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14
Q

How is cyber-bullying different from traditional bullying?

A

It is more persistent in nature, and has higher rates among girls

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15
Q

What are 4 potential roots of aggression?

A
  1. Genetics
  2. Family impact
  3. Living in a “violent culture”
  4. Cognitive factors
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16
Q

How many murders do children see on TV before they reach adolescence?

A

Several thousands

17
Q

True or false: playing violent video games leads to significantly higher aggression.

A

False, but not zero

18
Q

True or false: playing competitive video games leads to significantly higher aggression.

A

True