Moral Development Flashcards
From the evolutionary perspective, how does moral reasoning in infancy help us?
To live together in social groups
At ages 6-10 months old, describe how moral reasoning manifests in children when presented with puppets.
They prefer ‘helping’ puppets over ‘hindering’ puppets, suggesting in innate sense of morals
What did Kohlberg’s Theory of moral reasoning suggest?
There are 3 levels of moral reasoning
In Kohlberg’s theory, what are the 3 levels of moral reasoning and what do they contain?
- Preconventional - obedience, individualism (infancy - childhood)
- Conventional - developing positive relationships, maintaining social order (adolescence to adulthood)
- Postconventional - social contract and individual rights, universal principles (adulthood for some, but not all)
What are the 3 standards/domains of social/moral behaviours?
- Social domain
- Personal domain
- Moral domain
Activism and strikes demonstrate a sense of justice by taking a moral stand - what does this show?
It shows moral reasoning and agency
What are modesty lies?
Lying to avoid receiving praise for performing a good deed
According to the Modesty Lie Study, how do Chinese and Canadian children differ?
Chinese children are more likely to tell modesty lies because their culture influences them to act in this way
What are prosocial behaviours?
Voluntary behaviour intended to benefit others
According to twin studies, what type of twins are more alike in prosocial behaviours?
Identical twins
What hormone promotes genes that may have a component to prosocial behaviour?
Oxytocin
What type of behaviour violates the rights or harms other people?
Antisocial behaviour
What are the 4 types of aggression?
- Instrumental aggression - meant to achieve a certain goal
- Hostile aggression - motivated by a desire to hurt someone
- Reactive aggression - in response to a real or perceived threat or frustration
- Relational aggression - harm within relationships rooted from manipulation or bullying
How is cyber-bullying different from traditional bullying?
It is more persistent in nature, and has higher rates among girls
What are 4 potential roots of aggression?
- Genetics
- Family impact
- Living in a “violent culture”
- Cognitive factors