Moore's Ch. 2 - The Back (E1)

Question 1

Body part formed by the posterior part of the trunk, inferior to the neck and superior to the buttocks.

Answer 1

What is the back?

Question 2

While the {…} back forms the wall of the thoracic cavity, the {…} back forms the wall of the abdominal cavity.

Answer 2

1) Upper
2) Lower

Question 3

List the 5 bilateral regions of the back.

Answer 3

1) Lumbar
2) Scapular
3) Superscapular
4) Interscapular
5) Infrascapular

Question 4

List the 2 unpaired median regions of the back.

Answer 4

1) Vertebral
2) Sacral

Question 5

Often called the spine, this is the skeleton of the back formed by the posterior portions of the ribs and the vertebrae and IV discs that collectively comprise it.

Answer 5

What is the vertebral column?

Question 6

The vertebral column is the skeleton of the neck and back that is the main part of the {…} skeleton (i.e., articulated bones of the cranium, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum).

Answer 6

Axial

Question 7

List 4 purposes of the vertebral column.

Answer 7

1) Protect spinal cord and nerves
2) Support body weight superior to pelvis
3) Provide axis for body and base for head
4) Posture & locomotion

Question 8

List the 5 vertebral sections with their respective amounts.

Answer 8

1) Cervical - 7
2) Thoracic - 12
3) Lumbar - 5
4) Sacral - 5
5) Coccygeal - 4

Question 9

The junction of the long axes of the lumbar region of the vertebral column and sacrum.

Answer 9

What is the lumbosacral region?

Question 10

The 25 cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and first sacral vertebrae also articulate at these synovial joints.

Answer 10

What are zygapophyseal joints?

Question 11

What 3 elements does a typical vertebra consist of?

Answer 11

1) Vertebral body
2) Vertebral arch
3) Seven processes

Question 12

The massive, roughly cylindrical, anterior part of the vertebra that gives strength to the column and supports body weight.

Answer 12

What is the vertebral body?

Question 13

A meshwork of mostly tall vertical trabeculae intersecting with short, horizontal trabeculae within the vertebral body.

Answer 13

What is trabecular bone?

Question 14

During life, most of the superior and inferior surfaces of the vertebral body are covered with discs of hyaline cartilage referred to as this.

Answer 14

What are vertebral end plates?

Question 15

Cartilage is absent in lab specimens, and the exposed bony is appears spongy except at the periphery of the vertebral body where you will find this ring of smooth bone.

Answer 15

What is the epiphyseal rim?

Question 16

What structure is the epiphyseal rim derived from?

Answer 16

The annular epiphysis

Question 17

The superior and inferior epiphyses usually unite with the {…}, the primary ossification center for the central mass of the vertebral body.

Answer 17

Centrum

Question 18

At what age do the superior and inferior epiphyses unite with the centrum?

Answer 18

Approximately 25 years old

Question 19

This vertebral structure is posterior to vertebral body and consists of two pedicles and laminae.

Answer 19

What is the vertebral arch?

Question 20

The {…} are short, stout cylindrical processes that project posteriorly from the vertebral body to meet two broad, flat plates of bone, called {…}, which unite the midline.

Answer 20

1) Pedicles
2) Laminae

Question 21

The vertebral arch and posterior surface of the vertebral body form the walls of this opening.

Answer 21

What is the vertebral foramen?

Question 22

The succession of vertebral foramina in the articulated vertebral column forms this passage.

Answer 22

What is the vertebral/spinal canal?

Question 23

Indentations observed in lateral views of the vertebrae superior and inferior to the pedicle between the superior and inferior articular processes posteriorly and the corresponding projections of the body anteriorly.

Answer 23

What are vertebral notches?

Question 24

The superior and inferior vertebral {…} of adjacent vertebrae and the IV discs connecting them form intervertebral {…} through which spinal nerves emerge from the vertebral column.

Answer 24

1) Notches
2) Foramina

Question 25

List the 7 vertebral processes.

Answer 25

1 median spinous process, 2 transverse processes, and 4 articular processes (2 superior & 2 inferior)