Moore's Ch. 2 - The Back (E1) Flashcards
Body part formed by the posterior part of the trunk, inferior to the neck and superior to the buttocks.
What is the back?
While the {…} back forms the wall of the thoracic cavity, the {…} back forms the wall of the abdominal cavity.
1) Upper
2) Lower
List the 5 bilateral regions of the back.
1) Lumbar
2) Scapular
3) Superscapular
4) Interscapular
5) Infrascapular
List the 2 unpaired median regions of the back.
1) Vertebral
2) Sacral
Often called the spine, this is the skeleton of the back formed by the posterior portions of the ribs and the vertebrae and IV discs that collectively comprise it.
What is the vertebral column?
The vertebral column is the skeleton of the neck and back that is the main part of the {…} skeleton (i.e., articulated bones of the cranium, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum).
Axial
List 4 purposes of the vertebral column.
1) Protect spinal cord and nerves
2) Support body weight superior to pelvis
3) Provide axis for body and base for head
4) Posture & locomotion
List the 5 vertebral sections with their respective amounts.
1) Cervical - 7
2) Thoracic - 12
3) Lumbar - 5
4) Sacral - 5
5) Coccygeal - 4
The junction of the long axes of the lumbar region of the vertebral column and sacrum.
What is the lumbosacral region?
The 25 cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and first sacral vertebrae also articulate at these synovial joints.
What are zygapophyseal joints?
What 3 elements does a typical vertebra consist of?
1) Vertebral body
2) Vertebral arch
3) Seven processes
The massive, roughly cylindrical, anterior part of the vertebra that gives strength to the column and supports body weight.
What is the vertebral body?
A meshwork of mostly tall vertical trabeculae intersecting with short, horizontal trabeculae within the vertebral body.
What is trabecular bone?
During life, most of the superior and inferior surfaces of the vertebral body are covered with discs of hyaline cartilage referred to as this.
What are vertebral end plates?
Cartilage is absent in lab specimens, and the exposed bony is appears spongy except at the periphery of the vertebral body where you will find this ring of smooth bone.
What is the epiphyseal rim?
What structure is the epiphyseal rim derived from?
The annular epiphysis
The superior and inferior epiphyses usually unite with the {…}, the primary ossification center for the central mass of the vertebral body.
Centrum
At what age do the superior and inferior epiphyses unite with the centrum?
Approximately 25 years old
This vertebral structure is posterior to vertebral body and consists of two pedicles and laminae.
What is the vertebral arch?
The {…} are short, stout cylindrical processes that project posteriorly from the vertebral body to meet two broad, flat plates of bone, called {…}, which unite the midline.
1) Pedicles
2) Laminae
The vertebral arch and posterior surface of the vertebral body form the walls of this opening.
What is the vertebral foramen?
The succession of vertebral foramina in the articulated vertebral column forms this passage.
What is the vertebral/spinal canal?
Indentations observed in lateral views of the vertebrae superior and inferior to the pedicle between the superior and inferior articular processes posteriorly and the corresponding projections of the body anteriorly.
What are vertebral notches?
The superior and inferior vertebral {…} of adjacent vertebrae and the IV discs connecting them form intervertebral {…} through which spinal nerves emerge from the vertebral column.
1) Notches
2) Foramina
List the 7 vertebral processes.
1 median spinous process, 2 transverse processes, and 4 articular processes (2 superior & 2 inferior)
