Grant's Ch. 1 - Deep Muscles of the Back (P1)

Question 1

List the 8 deep muscles of the back.

Answer 1

1) Splenius capitis
2) Splenius cervicis
3) Spinalis
4) Longissimus
5) Iliocostalis
6) Semispinalis capitis
7) Semispinalis cervicis
8) Multifidus

Question 2

List the medial attachments of the splenius capitis (HINT: there is a range of SPs and 1 single structure).

Answer 2

1) Ligamentum nuchae
2) SP C7-T4

Question 3

List the 2 lateral attachments of the splenius capitis.

Answer 3

1) Mastoid process
2) Lateral 1/3 of the superior nuchal line

Question 4

List the unilateral and bilateral actions of the splenius capitis.

Answer 4

Unilateral - laterally flexes and rotates head or neck to the same side

Bilateral - extends head and neck

Question 5

What innervates the splenius capitis?

Answer 5

Posterior rami of middle cervical nerves

Question 6

List the medial attachments of the splenius cervicis (HINT: it is just a range of SPs).

Answer 6

SP T3-T6

Question 7

List the lateral attachments of the splenius cervicis (HINT: it is just a range of SPs).

Answer 7

TP C1-C3

Question 8

List the unilateral and bilateral actions of the splenius cervicis (HINT: same as the splenius capitis).

Answer 8

Unilateral - laterally flexes and rotates head or neck to the same side

Bilateral - extends head and neck

Question 9

What innervates the splenius cervicis (HINT: same as the splenius capitis)?

Answer 9

Posterior rami of middle cervical nerves

Question 10

List the 4 medial attachments of the spinalis.

Answer 10

1) Median sacral crest
2) Posterior surface sacrum
3) SP L and lower T
4) Medial part of iliac crest

Question 11

List the lateral attachments of the spinalis (NOTE: it’s nonspecific spinous processes).

Answer 11

SP of T and C

Question 12

List the unilateral and bilateral actions of the spinalis.

Answer 12

Unilateral - laterally flexes VT to same side

Bilateral - extends VT and head & stabilizes VT

Question 13

What innervates the spinalis?

Answer 13

Posterior rami of lower spinal nerves

Question 14

List the 4 medial attachments of the longissimus (NOTE: same as the spinalis).

Answer 14

1) Median sacral crest
2) Posterior surface sacrum
3) SP L and lower T
4) Medial part of iliac crest

Question 15

List the 3 lateral attachments of the longissimus (NOTE: there is a nonspecific range of TPs).

Answer 15

1) Between tubercles and angles of ribs
2) TP of T and C
3) Mastoid process

Question 16

List the unilateral and bilateral actions of the longissimus (NOTE: same as spinalis).

Answer 16

Unilateral - laterally flexes VT to same side

Bilateral - extends VT and head & stabilizes VT

Question 17

What innervates the longissimus (NOTE: same as spinalis)?

Answer 17

Posterior rami of lower cervical nerves

Question 18

List the 4 medial attachments of the iliocostalis (NOTE: same as spinalis and longissimus).

Answer 18

1) Median sacral crest
2) Posterior surface sacrum
3) SP L and lower T
4) Medial part of iliac crest

Question 19

List the 2 lateral attachments of the iliocostalis (NOTE: there is a nonspecific range of TPs).

Answer 19

1) Angles of lower ribs
2) TP of C

Question 20

List the unilateral and bilateral actions of the iliocostalis (NOTE: same as spinalis and longissimus).

Answer 20

Unilateral - laterally flexes VT to same side

Bilateral - extends VT and head & stabilizes VT

Question 21

What innervates the iliocostalis (NOTE: same as spinalis and longissimus)?

Answer 21

Posterior rami of lower cervical nerves

Question 22

List the 2 medial attachments of the semispinalis capitis (NOTE: a range of TPs and a range of APs).

Answer 22

1) TP C7-T6/T7
2) AP C4-C6

Question 23

List the lateral attachment of the semispinalis capitis.

Answer 23

Between superior and inferior nuchal lines of occipital bone medially

Question 24

List the unilateral and bilateral actions of the semispinalis capitis.

Answer 24

Unilateral - extends and laterally rotates head to opposite side

Bilateral - extends head

Question 25

What innervates the semispinalis capitis?

Answer 25

Posterior rami of spinal nerves

Question 26

List the medial attachments of the semispinalis cervicis (NOTE: a range of TPs).

Answer 26

TP T1-T5/T6

Question 27

List the lateral attachments of the semispinalis cervicis (NOTE: a range of SPs).

Answer 27

SP C2-C5

Question 28

List the unilateral and bilateral actions of the semispinalis cervicis (NOTE: same actions as semispinalis capitis but with different body part).

Answer 28

Unilateral - extends and laterally rotates neck to opposite side

Bilateral - extends neck

Question 29

What innervates the semispinalis cervicis (NOTE: same as semispinalis capitis)?

Answer 29

Posterior rami of spinal nerve

Question 30

List the 4 medial attachments of the multifidus (NOTE: 2 bones, a range of TPs, and a range of APs).

Answer 30

1) Sacrum
2) Ilium
3) TP T1-L5
4) AP C4-C7

Question 31

List the lateral attachments of the multifidus (NOTE: a range of SPs but reversed).

Answer 31

SP L5-C2

Question 32

List the 2 actions of the multifidus (NOTE: involving the vertebral column).

Answer 32

Extend AND rotate VT to opposite side

Question 33

What innervates the multifidus (NOTE: same as semispinalis cervicis and semispinalis capitis)?

Answer 33

Posterior rami of spinal nerves