Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CSI- Winter > Mood Disorders > Flashcards

Mood Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Mood Disorders

A
  • Major Depressive Disorder
  • Persistent Depressive Disorder
  • Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
  • Bipolar I Disorder
  • Bipolar II Disorder
  • Cyclothymic Disorder
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Major Depressive Disorder gender difference

A

F>M

18- to 29-year-old individuals&raquo_space;> age 60 years or older

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Biopsychosocial model of depression

A

how biology (genetics, disability, physical health), social conditions (family, school, friends) and psychological factors (self-esteem, social skills, coping skills) all play into depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Monoamine Hypothesis of depression

A

Depression is due to deficiency of monoamines like serotonin, dopamine, or NE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Diathesis-Stress/Dual-Risk Model

3 components are

A
  1. Diathesis- persons genetic or biological vulnerability to a mental illness
  2. Stress- physical or emotional
  3. Protective factors- help keep a person from developing a mental illness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Criteria for Major Depressive Disorder

A

-5 (or more) sx have been present during the same 2-week period and represent a change from previous functioning:
at least one of the symptoms is either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure
SIG E CAPS
-Sleep Disturbance
-Interests decreased
-Guilt or feelings of worthlessness
-Energy loss/fatigue
-Concentration problems
-Appetite/weight changes
-Psychomotor retardation/agitation
-Suicidal ideation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Depression can present in children as

A

irritability or aggressiveness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Weight gain and hypersomnia are

A

atypical presentations (This matters for when prescribing certain meds, may may s/s worse or better)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Subtypes of MDD

A
  1. With mood-congruent psychotic features; hard to tell from schizoaffective disorder; prominent depression symptoms; chronic depression/consistent; no delusions or hallucinations
  2. With mood-incongruent psychotic features
  3. With catatonia
  4. With peripartum onset- formerly known as post partum
  5. With seasonal pattern- old name for seasonal depression
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

MDD with peripartum onset: This specifier can be applied to the current or, if full criteria are not currently met for a major depressive episode, most recent episode of major depression if onset of mood symptoms occurs _______

A

during pregnancy or in the 4 weeks following delivery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

MDD with seasonal pattern

A
  • Worse with colder months, end of August-February depression starts
  • Light therapy works well (light box)
  • Onset and remission of major depressive episodes certain time of year
  • Most episodes begin in fall or water and remit in spring
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Scales for measuring depression

A
  • Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression

- Beck Depression Inventory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Diagnostic Criteria for Persistent Depressive Disorder

A
  • Depressed mood for most of the day, for more days than not, as indicated by either subjective account or observation by others, for at least 2 years.
  • Note: In children and adolescents >1 year.

  • 2 (or more) of the following:
    1. Poor appetite or overeating
    2. Insomnia or hypersomnia
    3. Low energy or fatigue
    4. Low self-esteem
    5. Poor concentration
    6. Feelings of hopelessness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Other disorder that you have to have for 2 years for clinical diagnosis?

A

Cyclothymia

AND persistent depressive disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

For Persistent Depressive Disorder, during the 2-year period (1 year for children or adolescents) of the disturbance, the individual has never ____________

A

been without the 2 required symptoms for more than 2 months at a time.

  • Criteria for a major depressive disorder may be continuously present for 2 years.
  • There has never been a manic episode or a hypomanic episode, and criteria have never been met for cyclothymic disorder

My notes:

  • Chronic sadness that doesn’t resolve, can function and go to work, etc.
  • Higher functioning than with MDD
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Meds for MDD and PDD

A
  • Psychotropic meds
  • SSRI: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (fluoxetine, sertraline)
  • SNRI: serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (venlafaxine, duloxetine)
  • NDRI: norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibitor (bupropion)

My notes:
-If 2 SSRIs don’t work, next they will try SNRI

  • Bupropion: Smoking sensation, attention deficit issues, depression (NOT anxiety) stay away from this if they have anxiety (Side effect=increased anxiety!!)
  • Biggest SSRI complaint= decreased libido
17
Q

Therapy for MDD and PDD

A
  • CBT: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, good to start with
  • Psychodynamic Therapy: can be stressful; don’t use unless pt is high functioning
  • Interpersonal Therapy- talk about family/relationships
18
Q

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder

A
  • The most common primary symptom of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is irritability.
  • Increased dose about 2 weeks before period to help with irritability
19
Q

Diagnostic criteria for premenstrual dysphoric disorder

A

*For most menstrual cycles during the past year, at least 5 of the following 11 symptoms (including at least 1 of the first 4 listed) were present:

  1. Markedly depressed mood, feelings of hopelessness, or self-deprecating thoughts
  2. Marked anxiety, tension, feelings of being “keyed up” or “on edge”
  3. Marked affective lability (eg, feeling suddenly sad or tearful or experiencing increased sensitivity to rejection)
  4. Persistent and marked anger or irritability or increased interpersonal conflicts
  5. Decreased interest in usual activities
  6. Subjective sense of difficulty in concentrating
  7. Lethargy, easy fatigability, or marked lack of energy
  8. Marked change in appetite, overeating, or specific food cravings
  9. Hypersomnia or insomnia
  10. A subjective sense of being overwhelmed or out of control
  11. Other physical symptoms, such as breast tenderness or swelling, headaches, joint or muscle pain, a sensation of bloating, or weight gain

*The symptoms must have been present for most of the time during the last week of the luteal phase, must have begun to remit within a few days of the onset of menstrual flow, and must be absent in the week after menses

20
Q

Treatment for Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder

A
  • Hormone therapy: Oral contraceptives, Estrogen, GnRH agonists
  • Anti-depressant: can be just for the course of the symptoms
21
Q

Causes of Bipolar Disorder

A
  • Genetics
  • Structural MRI: Increase in volume of the lateral ventricles, globus pallidus
  • Functional MRI: abnormal modulation between ventral prefrontal and limbic regions – amygdala
  • Kindling Hypothesis (Life factors make it worse; deaths in family, job loss, etc)
  • Early life stress and dysfunction of hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis, leads to over activation, which may play a role in the pathogenesis of bipolar disorder.
22
Q

For a diagnosis of bipolar I disorder, it is necessary to

A

meet the criteria for a manic episode

-The manic episode may have been preceded by and may be followed by hypomanic or major depressive episodes

23
Q

Definition of Manic Episode

A

persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and abnormally and persistently increased goal-directed activity or energy, lasting at least 1 week

24
Q

Diagnostic Criteria for Bipolar Disorder I

A

-3 (or more) of the following symptoms (four if the mood is only irritable) are present

DIG FAST

  • Distractibility
  • Irresponsibility (buying sprees, sexual indiscretions, or foolish business investments, seeks pleasure without consequences)
  • Grandiosity (inflated self esteem)
  • Flight of ideas (racing thoughts)
  • Activity or Agitation increase (increased goal directed behavior)
  • Sleep need decreases
  • Talkativeness or pressured speech
25
Q

Bipolar II Disorder requires

A

a current or past hypomanic episode AND the criteria for a current or past major depressive episode

26
Q

Definition of Hypomanic Episode

A

A distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and abnormally and persistently increased activity or energy, lasting at least 4 consecutive days and present most of the day, nearly every day.

27
Q

Diagnostic Criteria for Bipolar II Disorder

A

*requires hypomanic episode and major depressive episode
*3 (or more) of the following symptoms have persisted (four if the mood is only irritable):
DIG FAST (mania mnemonic)

28
Q

Cyclothymic Disorder- For at least 2 years (at least 1 year in children and adolescents) there have been numerous periods with

A

hypomanic symptoms that do not meet criteria for a hypomanic episode and numerous periods with depressive symptoms that do not meet criteria for a major depressive episode.

-During the above 2-year period (1 year in children and adolescents), the hypomanic and depressive periods have been present for at least half the time and the individual has not been without the symptoms for more than 2 months at a time.

29
Q

Cyclothymic Disorder- criteria for a __________ have never been met.

A

major depressive, manic, or hypomanic episode

-The symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.

30
Q

Treatment for Bipolar Treatment

A
  • Mood stabilizers: lithium, valproic acid, divalproex sodium, carbamazepine and lamotrigine (Lamictal)
  • Atypical Antipsychotics: olanzapine, risperidone, quetiapine, aripiprazole, ziprasidone, lurasidone, asenapine
  • Antidepressants: help manage depression. Usually along with a mood stabilizer or antipsychotic. Antidepressant along can sometimes trigger a manic episode.
  • Lithium toxicity is very bad and dangerous
  • Don’t give patients lithium who are threatening to overdose or commit suicide

CSI- Winter (44 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions