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Sonography > Month 1 Final Review > Flashcards

Month 1 Final Review Flashcards

1
Q

Body language is a kind of ___________ communication

Verbal
nonverbal
supportive
one-way

A

Nonverbal

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2
Q

The highest average number of scans per day is performed in the speciality area of

Abdomen
OB/GYN
cardiac
Vascular

A

Cardiac

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3
Q

When leaving a high risk patient alone in the room you should

Raise the height of the table
Leave the door open slightly to hear the patient call for help
Lower the guard rails of the bed
Call a coworker to stay with the patient

A

Call a coworker to stay with the patient

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4
Q

Sonographers have a duty to report their ultrasound findings to the patient

True
False

A

False

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5
Q

PACS is a computer system that automatically selects the correct frequency, depth, and focal zone controls.

True
False

A

False

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6
Q

The first stage of the grieving process is:

Anger
Depression
Denial
Barganing

A

Denial

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7
Q

It is the sole responsibility of the employer to ensure that sonographers do not experience work- related injuries.

True
False

A

False

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8
Q

The posterior border of the gallbladder cannot be seen on the sagittal view; it appears to be cut off. Which control will likely fix this?

Depth
Frequency
TGC
Cine loop

A

Depth

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9
Q

The phenomenon of piezoelectricity was discovered by who?

Jon Reid
Ian Donald
The Curie brothers
Wilhelm Roentgen

A

The Curie brothers

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10
Q

Signs and symptoms that indicate a WRMSD may be developing include cramping of the hand/wrist, loss of grip, tingling, and

Forceful strain
Decreased Movement
Numbness
Swelling

A

Swelling

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11
Q

The five stages of grief described by Elizabeth Kubler-Ross are denial and isolation, anger, bargaining, depression and…

Acceptance
Allowance
Antipathy
Joy

A

Acceptance

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12
Q

A chaperone is not necessary when performing which of the following ultrasound examinations.

Abdomen
Breast
Transvaginal
Scortum

A

Abdomen

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13
Q

When listening to a patient you should

Give your full attention
Find a solution for the patient’s problem
Place patients name into the ultrasound unit
Review previous imaging records

A

Give your full attention to the patient

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14
Q

Telling a patient not to worry is an example of

Avoidence
compassion
good communication
false reasurance

A

False reasurance

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15
Q

Sonographer reports may contain all of the following except

Measurements
Location normal and abnormal structures
Comments on echogenicity
diagnosis

A

Diagnosis

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16
Q

Which physician developed the first application of ultrasound for medical purposes?

George ludwig
Don Baker
John Reid
JAmes Willocks

A

George Ludwig

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17
Q

It is acceptable for a sonographer to rearrange furniture in patient’s room during a portable examination to position the ultrasound machine close to the bed.

True or False

A

True

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18
Q

A specific type of tendonitis that is due to repeated and gripping of the transducer is ….

de Quervain’s disease
carpal tunnel syndrome
rotator cuff injury
plantar fasciitis

A

de Quervain’s disease

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19
Q

The group or party that has the greatest responsibility to provide working conditions that reduce and eliminate a sonographer’s chance of work-related injury is the employer.

True or False

A

True

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20
Q

Which of the following controls allows you to position the measurement cursors?

Trackball
Cineloop
Freeze key
Preset

A

Trackball

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21
Q

The group that is most instrumental in making changes in the industry to prevent workplace injuries is

Sonographers
Sonologists
employers
equipment manufacturers

A

equipment manufacturers

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22
Q

An ultrasound room that is too cold is a factor that contributes to workplace stress

True or False

A

True

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23
Q

Most obsterics ultrasounds happen in the ..

hospital
outpatient setting
emergency department
labor and delivery

A

outpatient setting

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24
Q

Which of the following agencies mandates Universal Precautions?

FDA
AIUM
OSHA
HIPAA

A

OSHA

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25
Q

Sounds exceeds human hearing when the frequencies exceeds..

10,000 Hz
20,000 Hz
10 kHz
2 kHz

A

20,000 kHz

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26
Q

What is the foundation of successful personal and professional relationships?

Compassion
Empathy
Acceptance
Good communication

A

Good communication

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27
Q

It is important for the sonographer to _________ to the patient

Listen
Introduce themselves
explain the ultrasound examination ordered
all of the above

A

All of the above

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28
Q

What is Cranial, crani/o?

A

Toward the head

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29
Q

What is Caudal, caud/o?

A

toward the back or tail

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30
Q

What is Dorsal, dors/o?

A

near upper surface, back

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31
Q

What is Ventral, ver/o?

A

toward the bottom, front

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32
Q

What is Posterior, poster/o?

A

back, behind, after, toward the rear

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33
Q

What is Anterior, anter/o?

A

Front, in front of

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34
Q

Telling patients they should not feel angry or afraid is an example of:

Arguing
Interrupting
A judgemental response
Evasion

A

A judgemental response

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35
Q

The ability to imagine or have experienced what a person is going through….

Empathy
Compassion
Sympathy
Communication

A

Empathy

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36
Q

Talking too fast is an example of a communication:

barrier
triad
impairment
fallacy

A

Barrier

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37
Q

Which is the proper order for operating the ultrasound?

A
  1. Enter the patients name and ID number.
  2. select the transducer.
  3. adjust the TGC, focal zones, and image size.
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38
Q

Entrapment of the median nerve defines what condition?

Carpal tunnel syndrome
Rotator Cuff Injury
Bursitis
de Quervain’s disease

A

Carpal tunnel syndrome

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39
Q

Sonography is the _______ oldest imaging modality
Second
Third
Fourth
Fifth

A

Third

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40
Q

Retraining staff and hiring temporary staff are considerations examined by employers when trying to develop solutions for managing risk for injury

True or False

A

True

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41
Q

To prevent vena cava hypotension in a patient in an advanced state of pregnancy, place her in the ______ position

upright
trendelenburg
prone
modified Fowler

A

modified Fowler

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42
Q

Areas of quality assurance testing for ultrasound equipment include all of the following except:

instrument sensitivity.
image photography uniformity
transducer frequency
vertical/horizontal measurement accuracy

A

transducer frequency

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43
Q

Regarding, ultrasound-guided procedures, Which technique(s) typically is (are) used to drain ascites, pleural fluid, and in superficial lesions?

Freehand
Needle Guided
Real Time
Both A and B

A

Freehand

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44
Q

Also referred to as the dorsal recumbent position, in what position does the patient lie on his or her back with the head and upper shoulders slightly elevated?

Lateral
Supine
Prone
Trendelenburg

A

Supine

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45
Q

The acronym BPD is related to which type of sonographic examination?

Abdominal and retroperitoneal
Vascular
Cardiac
Obsteric and gynecologic

A

Obsteric and gynecologic

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46
Q

Before beginning a(n) _____ examination, document the findings of normal and abnormal values of laboratory tests such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase.

Abdominal and Retroperitoneal
Vascular
Cardiac
Obsteric and Gynecologic

A

Abdominal and Retroperitoneal

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47
Q

Which type of law is enacted and enforced by federal or state legislators to help maintain the government right to uphold social order and to protect the rights of individuals?

Statutory
Administrative
Common
Tort

A

Statutory

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48
Q

_______ occurs when a negligent act or omission by a medical professional results in harm to the patient.

Medical Malpractice
Negligence
Medical Assault
A harmful act

A

Medical Malpractice

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49
Q

Testing to ensure the ultrasound equipment functions properly is a requirement for a :

quality improvemnt program
risk management program
quality assurance program
Deontology and technology program

A

quality assurance program

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50
Q

Which of the following statements about consent is untrue?

Consent forms may be completed after the procedure
Consent to treat a minor patient usually is given by partent/guardian.
Minor patients at least 7 years old shoud be included in the decision making process.
The written consent form should be signed, witnessed, and dated.

A

consent forms may be completed after the procedure.

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51
Q

The failure to use reasonable care is:

liability
negligence
medical malpractice
intentional tort

A

Negligence

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52
Q

In a job interview, first impressions are usually formed within:

20 minutes
30 seconds
60 seconds
2 minutes

A

30 seconds

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53
Q

Which aspect of professional communication is the most important for sonographers in the commercial world?

The ability to listen closely to customers
Positive body language
A sense of humor
A well-groomed appearance

A

The ability to listen closely to customers

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54
Q

Which of the following would not be considered a credible reference?

A close relative
Peers familiar with your abilities
Professional instructors
Experienced coworkers familiar with your work

A

A close relative

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55
Q

Which organization is responsible for accrediting sonography educational programs?

Joint Review Committee for Diagnostics Medical Sonography (JRCDMS)
Society of Diagnostics Medical Sonographers (SDMS)
American Institutes of Ultrasound in Medicine (AIUMS)
American Society of Ultrasound Technical Specialists (ASUTS)

A

Joint Review Committee for Diagnostics Medical Sonograpny (JRCDMS)

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56
Q

Being able to separate patient examinations into their individuals parts and to determine the relationship of each part to the patient’s symptoms and clinical history is an example of:

critical thinking
technical orientation
intellectual curiosity
self-direction

A

critical thinking

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57
Q

Which of the following statements about technical directors and lead sonographers is untrue?
They must work with supervision.
They are no longer required to perform all the tasks of a staff sonographer.
They must work within the guidelines established in the departmental policies and procedures manual.
They must learn how to recognize and report basic equipment malfunctions.

A

They are no longer required to perform all the tasks of a staff sonographer.

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58
Q

Emotional maturity is best demonstrated by showing:
respect for the professional boundaries of patient closeness
independent judgment
initiative
all of the above

A

all of the above

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59
Q

When assisting a patient to and from a wheelchair always keep your center of gravity:
above the patient’s center of gravity
below the patient’s center of gravity
at the level of the patient’s center of gravity
above or below the patient’s center of gravity

A

at the level of the patient’s center of gravity

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60
Q

Vital signs are temperatures, pulse, ______, and _______.
pallor; respiration
dyspnea; respiration
pulse rate; blood pressure
respiration; blood pressure

A

respiration; blood pressure

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61
Q

The normal adults heart rate averages between:
60 and 100 bpm
75 and 110 bpm
100 and 120 bpm
120 and 160 bpm

A

60 and 100 bpm

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62
Q

In compliance with _______, sonographers must, among other things, put patient information away after hours and remove patient identification from any scans that will be used for publication or presentation.
The Health Insurance and Portability and Accoutability Act
Standard Precautions
the Patient’s bill of rights
The Affordable Care Act

A

The Health Insurance and Portability and Accountability Act

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63
Q

The opitmal adult blood pressure is:
less than 120/80
120/80
80/50
140/90

A

Less than 120/80

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64
Q

The best prevention to stop the spread of infection is:
wearing gloves
wearing masks and gown
yearly influenza shot
proper handwashing

A

proper handwashing

65
Q

Tachycardia is defined as an abnormal pulse rate:
less than 60 bpm
greater than 100 bpm
less than 100 bpm
greater than 120 bpm

A

greater than 100 bpm

66
Q

Which statement about good body mechanics is untrue?
Good body mechanics require you to use the large thigh muscles for lifting.
Good body mechanics protect you and your patients.
A gait belt is an important lifting or transfer device.
Never bend sideways from the waist or hip.

A

A gait belt is an important lifting or transfer device.

67
Q

A chaperone is not necessary when performing which of the following ultrasound examinations?
abdomen
breast
transvaginal
scrotum

A

abdomen

68
Q

A specific type of tendonitis that is due to repeated and intense gripping of the transducer is ….
carpal tunnel syndrome
rotator cuff injury
plantar fasciilits
de Quervain’s disease

A

de Quervain’s disease

69
Q

An ultrasound room that is too cold is a factor that contributes to workplace stress…

True or False

A

True

70
Q

Body language is a kind of _______ communication.
verbal
nonverbal
supportive
one-way

A

nonverbal

71
Q

Most obsterics ultrasounds happen in the:
hospitals
outpatient setting
emergency department
labor and delivery

A

outpatient setting

72
Q

Retraining staff and hiring temporary staff are considerations examined by employers when trying to develop solutions for managing risk for injury….

True or False

A

True

73
Q

Sonographers reports may contain all of the following except:
measurements
location of normal and abnormal structures
comments on echogenicity
diagnosis

A

diagnosis

74
Q

Talking to fast is an example of a communication:
barrier
triad
impairment
fallacy

A

barrier

75
Q

The ability to imagine or have experienced what is person is going through.
Compassion
Empathy
Sympathy
Communication

A

Empathy

76
Q

Telling patients they not feel angry or afraid is an example of:
Arguing
Interrupting
A judgemental response
Evasion

A

A Judgemental response

77
Q

Which of the following describes hysterosalpingo-oophrectomy?

Visualization of the Uterus
Resection of the fallopian tubes and ovaries
Surgical removal of the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries
Opening from the fallopian tubes to the outside

A

Surgical removal of the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries

78
Q

Which of the following is considered “universal precautions”
Standards for ultrasounds exams
Standards for emergency procedures
Standards to reduce exposure to blood and other body fluids
Standards to reduce exposure to back injuries

A

Stands to reduce exposure to blood and other body fluids.

79
Q

Which imaging modality is used to acquire mulitiple axial images of the body?
Chest x-rays
Fluoroscopy
Angiography
CT (computerized tomography)

A

CT (computerized tomography)

80
Q

Which is a characteristic of a cystic lesion?
Irregular borders
Echogenic
Posterior shadowing
Increased through transmission

A

Increased through transmission

81
Q

Which expression relates to the treatment of a person as a body part?
Dehumanization
Hiearchy
Unintentional Misconduct
Transference

A

Dehumanization

82
Q

When leaving a high-risk patient alone in the room you should…
raise the height of the table
leave the door open slightly to hear the patient call for help
lower the guard rails on the bed
call a coworker to stay with the patient

A

call a coworker to stay with the patient

83
Q

What is the foundation of a successful personal and professional relationship?
Compassion
Empathy
Acceptance
Good Communication

A

Good Communication

84
Q

What is neoplasm?
I.V. Plasma
New, abormal growth of tissue
Echogenic tissue parenchyma
Test for malignancy

A

New, abnormal growth of tissue

85
Q

What is another name for the frontal plane?
Transverse plane
Longitudinal plane
Coronal plane
Medial plane

A

Coronal plane

86
Q

The phenomenon of piezoelectricity was discovered by:
Jon Reid
Ian Donald
Wilhelm Roentgen
the Curie brothers

A

the Curie brothers

87
Q

The highest average number of scans per day is performed in the specialty area of ….
OB/GYN
Cardiac
abdomen
vascular

A

Cardiac

88
Q

The group or party that has the greatest responsibility to provide working conditions that reduce and eliminate a sonographer’s chance of work related injury is the employer.

True or False

A

True

89
Q

The five stages of grief described by Elisabeth Kubler-Ross are denial and isolation, anger, bargaining, depression, and:
acceptance
allowance
antipathy
joy

A

acceptance

90
Q

which physician developed the first application of ultrasound for medical purposes?
George Ludwig
Don Baker
John Reid
James Willocks

A

George Ludwig

91
Q

Which ruling marked the first comprehensive federal protection for the privacy of health information?
OSHA
JRC-DMS
HIPAA
PQRST

A

HIPAA

92
Q

Which term describes the restraint of a patient without a doctor’s order?
Battery
Detention
False Imprisonment
Kidnapping

A

False Imprisonment

93
Q

Which type of isolation prevents the spread of airborne infections?
Sensory isolation
Reverse isolation
Wound and skin isolation
Respiratory isolation

A

Respiratory isolation

94
Q

Which term refers to the unlawful touching of another person without permission?
Battery
Assault
Negligence
False Imprisonment

A

Battery

95
Q

How many hertz is in 8MHz?
8,000
8,000,000
888
0.008

A

8,000,000

96
Q

How much bigger is a billion than a million?
10 times
100 times
1,000 times
500 times

A

1,000 times

97
Q

List the following in increasing speed order: water, lung, soft tissue, bone.

A

lung, soft tissue, water, and bone.

98
Q

How many milliliters are contained in a jar with 5 liters of fluid?
5
5,000
500
0.005

A

5,000

99
Q

A top is spinning on a table, What is the period of the spinning top?
4 pounds
9 dollars
7cm
0.005 sec

A

0.005 sec

100
Q

What is the vertical axis on a graph called?
time-axis
y-axis
x-axis
z-axis

A

y-axis

101
Q

How are scores on the ultrasound board exams related to study time?
unrelated
directly
inversely
conversely

A

Directly

102
Q

What is the reciprocal of 1,000?
one-hundredth
1,000
0.001
one-millionth

A

0.001

103
Q

How much smaller is a hundred than a thousand?
1/10
1/100
1/1000
1/10000

A

1/10

104
Q

How much bigger is a billion than a million?
500 times
1000 times
100 times
10 times

A

1000 times

105
Q

What do waves transfer from one location to another?
matter
molecules
energy
water

A

Energy

106
Q

Variations in all of the following identify specific waves as acoustic waves except:
Pressure
Parameters
Density
Acoustic Variables

A

Parameters

107
Q

All of the following are true of sound waves except:
they are acoustic
they are pressure waves
they are transverse
they move energy

A

They are transverse

108
Q

Which of the following best describes sound waves?
transverse, pressure waves
transverse, longitudinal waves
longitudinal, out-of-phase waves
longitudinal pressure waves

A

Longitudinal pressure waves

109
Q

Which types of waves will exhibit both constructive and destructive interference?
waves of different amplitude
a pair of longitudinal waves
waves of different frequency
out-of-phase waves

A

Waves of different frequency

110
Q

Name the 7 acoustic parameters

A
  1. Power
  2. Propagation speed
  3. Amplified
  4. wavelength
  5. Frequency
  6. Intensity
  7. Period
111
Q

Name the 3 acoustic variables?

A
  1. Pressure
  2. Density
  3. Distance
112
Q

The power in a beam 1 watt and the area is 5cm2. What is the beam’s intensity?
1 watt
1W/cm2
0.2 W/cm2
5 W/cm2

A

0.2 W/cm2

113
Q

If intensity remains the same while the power is doubled, what happens to the beam area?
quadrupled
doubled
halved
unchanged

A

Doubled

114
Q

What happens to the speed of sound in a medium when the bulk modulus increases?
faster
slower
remains the same
the limit does not exist

A

Faster

115
Q

Which of the following characteristics will create the fastest speed of sound?
high density, high stiffness
low density, high stiffness
high density, low stiffness
low density, low stiffness

A

low density, high stiffness

116
Q

Which of the following waves in ultrasonic and least useful in diagnostic imaging?
8 MHz
2.5 MHz
18,000 Hz
24,000 Hz

A

24,000 Hz

117
Q

Which of the following waves is ultrasonic and most useful in diagnostic imaging?
2,455,000 Hz
100 MHz
2.4 kHz
14,000 Hz

A

2,455,000 Hz

118
Q

What is the actual time an ultrasound machine is creating a pulse?

A

0.3 to 2.0 microseconds

119
Q

what is the fraction of time that a transducer is transmitting?

A

Duty factor

120
Q

What has a propagation speed closest to soft tissue?

A

Muscle

121
Q

What is propagation speed determined by?

A

Medium

122
Q

Duty factor for a continuous wave is …..

A

100%

123
Q

What are the units of intensity?

A

Wcm^2

124
Q

The speed of a 5 MHz continuous wave is 1.8 km/sec. The wave is then pulsed with a duty factor 0.5. What is the new propagation speed?

A

1.8km/s

125
Q

What establishes the frequency of an ultrasound wave?

A

The Transducer

126
Q

The posterior of the gallbladder cannot be seen on sagittal view, it is cut off. Which control will most likely correct this?

A

Depth

127
Q

What is the time from the start of a pulse to the end of a pulse?

A

Pulse duration

128
Q

PRF is the reciprocal of ________.

A

PRP

129
Q

what control allows you to position the measurement cursor?

A

Trackball

130
Q

With regard to composition, a mass is classified as what

A

Solid, cystic, complex

131
Q

which planes are parallel to the long axis of the body?

A

Frontal plane

132
Q

which body system does nothing directly to contribute to the survival of the human body?

A

Reprodictive system

133
Q

which anatomic area is not demonstrated in a sagittal scanning plane image?

A

Left and right lateral

134
Q

which anatomic area is not demonstrated in a transverse scanning plane image?

A

Supeiror and inferior

135
Q

The normal echotexture appearance of soft tissue is characterized as

A

homogenous

136
Q

What are the units of pulse duration?

A

Microseconds

137
Q

what are the acoustic variables?

A

Pressure, density and distance

138
Q

______ is the reciprocal of period.

A

Frequency

139
Q

As an ultrasound wave travels through the body, its amplitude usually:

A

Decreases

140
Q

Compared to that of soft tissue, the speed of an acoustic wave through lung tissue is _____.

A

Slower

141
Q

How many hertz is 3MHz?

A

3,000,000

142
Q

How much bigger is a billion than a million?

A

1,000 times

143
Q

How many liters are in 80ml of fluid?

A

0.080

144
Q

_____ is the time to complete one cycle.

A

Period

145
Q

What sound wave is ultrasonic and least useful in diagnostic imaging?

A

24,000 Hz

146
Q

What is the frequency of a wave with 1msec period?

A

1kHz

147
Q

______ is the distance covered by one cycle.

A

Wavelength

148
Q

Propagation speed = _____ x wavelength

A

Frequency

149
Q

If the frequency of Ultrasoud is increased from 0.77 MHz to 1.54 MHz, what happens to the wavelength?

A

It is halved

150
Q

A sound wave’s frequency is 10 MHz. The wave is traveling in soft tissue. What is its wavelength?

A

0.15mm

151
Q

If the frequency of an Ultasound wave is doubled, what happens to the period?

A

Halved

152
Q

The time from the beginning of a pulse until its end is ________?

A

Pulse duration

153
Q

What are the units of intensity?

A

Watts per square meter

154
Q

Coronal planes divide the body into unequal

A

Anterior and posterior

155
Q

Transverse planes divide the body into unequal

A

superior and inferior

156
Q

What is another name for the frontal plane?

A

Coronal plane

157
Q

Which organization performs accreditation site visits for sonography programs?

A

Joint Review Committee for Diagnostic Medical Sonography (JRCDMS)

158
Q

Which term describes the restraint of a patient without a doctor’s order?

A

False imprisonment

Sonography (39 decks)

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