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Sonography > Ch. 2 Physics: Sound > Flashcards

Ch. 2 Physics: Sound Flashcards

1
Q

What is a mechanical, longitudinal wave that moves through a medium as the result of vibrations?

A

Sound wave

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2
Q

True or false:
Sound requires a medium through which to travel.

A

True

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3
Q

True or false:
Sound can travel in a vacuum (space around us).

A

False

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4
Q

True or false:
The medium stays fixed.

A

True

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5
Q

Vibrations move from one location to the next.

A

Sound propagation

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6
Q

In ultrasound, what is the medium?

A

Body tissue or organs being imaged

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7
Q

True or false:
Sound waves travel in a straight line

A

True

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8
Q

What does sound carry?

A

Energy

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9
Q

What are sound waves also referred to as?

A

Acoustical waves

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10
Q

Particles of a medium move in the same direction (parallel) to the direction that the sound wave is propagating is called what?

A

Longitudinal waves

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11
Q

Particles of a medium move in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the sound wave is called what?

A

Transverse waves

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12
Q

True or false:
Sound waves are pressure waves.

A

True

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13
Q

How does the sound wave propagate through a medium?

A

By a series of compressions and rarefactions of molecules in the path of the sound.

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14
Q

What does it mean when the sound wave is compressed?

A

Squeezed together

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15
Q

What does it mean when the sound wave is rarefied?

A

Stretched apart

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16
Q

Acoustic propagation properties describes the effects of what upon a sound wave?

A

Medium

17
Q

Will stiff tissue speed or slow the sound wave?

A

Speed up

18
Q

Will air slow or speed up the sound wave?

A

Slow down

19
Q

What effects the sound wave upon the tissue through which it passes?

A

Biological effects

20
Q

Transmitted sound waves over tissues will heat up the tissue being imaged is an example of what?

A

Biological effects

21
Q

What are the 3 acoustic variables?

A

Pressure
Density
Distance

22
Q

If any of the acoustic variables have a rhythmic oscillation, then the wave is considered what?

A

A sound wave

23
Q

What is the concentration of mass in a volume?

A

Density

24
Q

What is the units for density?

A

kg/cm^3

25
Q

What is the concentration of force in an area?

A

Pressure

26
Q

What is the units for pressure?

A

pascals (Pa)

27
Q

What is a measure of particle motion?

A

Distance

28
Q

What are the units for distance?

A

cm
feet
mile

29
Q

What does the acoustic parameters of a sound wave do?

A

Describe the features

30
Q

What are the 7 acoustic parameters?

A

Frequency
Intensity
Power
Period
Propagation speed
Amplitude
Wavelength

31
Q

What type of waves demonstrate matching “peaks and valleys”? They occur at the same places, at the same time.

A

In-phase waves

32
Q

What types of waves demonstrate “peaks and valleys” occurring at different times and/ or different locations?

A

Out-of-phase waves

33
Q

What occurs when multiple waves exist at the same time and location, then combine to form one wave?

A

Interference

34
Q

What are the 2 types of interference?

A

Constructive
Destructive

35
Q

What type of interference is two in-phase waves that result in a higher amplitude single wave?

A

Constructive

36
Q

What typw of interference is two out-of-phase waves that result in a lower amplitude single wave?

A

Destructive

37
Q

True or false:
When out-of-phase waves of equal amplitude interfere, they will concel each other out.

A

True

38
Q

What is the result when waves of different frequencies interfere with each other?

A

Constructive and destructive interference

Sonography (39 decks)

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