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Sonography > Ch. 4 Physics: Describing Pulsed Waves > Flashcards

Ch. 4 Physics: Describing Pulsed Waves Flashcards

1
Q

What are short bursts of energy that repeat?

A

Pulsed sound or pulsed energy

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2
Q

True or false
Continuous sound produces images

A

Fasle
only pulse can produce images

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3
Q

True or false
A pulse can have any number of cycles

A

True

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4
Q

True or false
Every pulse has a beginning and an end with “off time” before the next pulse.

A

True

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5
Q

What are the two important characteristics that pulsed sound uses to create diagnostic images?

A

Transmitting -“talking” or “on” time
Receiving -“listening” or “off” time

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6
Q

What are the 5 parameters for pulsed waves?

A

Pulse duration
Spatial pulse length
Pulse repetition period (PRP)
Pulse repetition frequency (PRF)
Duty factor

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7
Q

The actual time of the pulse from start to end is called what?

A

Pulse Duration

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8
Q

_______ is equal to the number of cycles in each pulse multiplied by the period of each cycle.

A

Pulse Duration

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9
Q

Pulse duration is ________ ________ to period

A

Directly proportional

PD= # cycles x period

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10
Q

Pulse duration is _______ ________ to frequency

A

Inversely proportional

PD= # cycles / frequency

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11
Q

What is the meausred units for pulsed duration?

A

Time
ms
microsec

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12
Q

What is the value range of pulsed duration?

A

0.3- 2.0microsec

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13
Q

Pulse is determined by….

A

The source

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14
Q

True or false
The sonographer can alter the pulse

A

Fasle
Not adjustable

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15
Q

Many cycles grouped together in a pulse or individual cycles with long periods.

A

Long pulse duration

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16
Q

Fewer cycles in a pulse or individual cycles with short periods.

A

Short pulse duration

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17
Q

Which pulse duration is better for imaging in diagnostic ultrasound?

A

Shorter pulses

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18
Q

The distance pulse occupies in space from the start of the pulse to its end.

A

Spatial Pulse length

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19
Q

What is the measurement unit for spatial pulse length

A

mm

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20
Q

What is the typical length range in soft tissue?

A

0.1- 1.0mm

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21
Q

What determines the spatial pulse length?

A

The source and medium

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22
Q

True or false
The sonographer cannot alter spatial pulse length

A

True

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23
Q

Spatial pulse length is ______ _______ to the number of cycles in each pulse and the wavelength of each cycle.

A

Directly proportional

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24
Q

Spatial pulse length is _______ ________ to the frequency of the cycle

A

Inversely proportional

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25
Q

True or false
Pulses that are short in time are also short in distance

A

True

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26
Q

This pulse length has many cycles in a pulse and causes the quality of the image to decrease.

A

Long pulse

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27
Q

This pulse length has fewer cycles in a pulse and causes the quality of images to increase.

A

Short pulse

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28
Q

As spatital pulse length ________, image quality _________.

A

increases, decreases

29
Q

The time from the start of one pulse to the start of the next pulse is….

A

Pulse Repetition period (PRP)

30
Q

PRP includes both…..

A

Talking time and listening time

31
Q

PRP is a funcetion of depth and is ______ to period

A

unrelated

32
Q

PRP is the time from the start of pulse to the start of…

A

another pulse

33
Q

PRP is ________ related to depth of view

A

Directly

34
Q

What is PRP measured in?

A

time, ms, secs

35
Q

What is the time ranges for PRP?

A

100microsec to 1 ms

36
Q

Is PRP adjustable or not adjustable by the sonographer?

A

Adjustable

37
Q

What is the PRP determined by?

A

Sound source

38
Q

The number of pulses transmits into a medium per second is…

A

Pulse repetition frequency (PRF)

39
Q

PRF is ________ to frequency

A

unrelated

40
Q

What is PRF related to?

A

DOV (depth of view)

41
Q

What is the relationship between PRF and DOV?

A

Inversely related

42
Q

What is the measurement of PRF?

A

Hertz (HZ)

43
Q

What is the value range for PRF?

A

1-10kHz

44
Q

What determined the PRF?

A

sound source

45
Q

Is the PRF adjustable or not adjustable by the sonographer?

A

Adjustable

46
Q

As DOV decreases, the PRF_____

A

increases

47
Q

As the DOV increases, the PRF______

A

Decreases

48
Q

PRP and PRF are ________ related

A

inversely

49
Q

When PRF increases, PRP_______

A

decreases

50
Q

When PRF decreases, PRP_______

A

increases

51
Q

PRF and PRP share a reciprocal relationship: when they are multiplied together, they equal _____.

A

One

52
Q

In deep imaging, what is higher, the PRP or the PRF?

A

PRP

53
Q

In shallow imaging, what is higher, the PRP or the PRF?

A

PRF

54
Q

Which of the following pulse repetition periods listed below would have the highest pulse repetition frequency?

4 s

300 ks

75 ms

6 ms

A

6 ms

55
Q

True or false
PRP and PRF are both determined by depth.

A

True

56
Q

The percentage of time in the system is transmitting a pulse, or the time it is “on” is called what?

A

Duty Factor

57
Q

What is the measure of unit for Duty factor?

A

It is unitless

58
Q

What are the typical ranges for duty factor?

A

0.002 to 0.005 or 0.2% to 0.5%

59
Q

What is the duty factor of a continuous wave?

A

100% or 1.0

60
Q

True or false
Continuous waves creates images

A

False

61
Q

What kind of waves are used for imaging?

A

Pulsed waves

62
Q

True or false
Ultrasound imaging systems spend more time “listening” than “talking”.

A

True

63
Q

Duty factor is ________ related to DOV

A

inversely

64
Q

What determines duty factor?

A

system source

65
Q

Is duty factor adjustable or not adjustable by the sonographer?

A

adjustable

66
Q

If DOV decreases, duty factor ________.

A

increases

67
Q

What 3 parameters change when a sonographer changes depth?

A

PRP, PRF, Duty Factor

68
Q

What happens to the duty factor when the PRP is increased?

A

Decreases

Sonography (39 decks)

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