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Sonography > Ch. 3 Physics: Describing sound waves > Flashcards

Ch. 3 Physics: Describing sound waves Flashcards

1
Q

What is the source of a sound wave?

A

The ultrasound system and the transducer

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2
Q

What is considered the medium which sound travels through?

A

Body Tissue, Gel, or the organs

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3
Q

What is the time from the start of one cycle to the start of the next?

A

Period

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4
Q

What is the units of mesurement for period?

A

Millisecond
seconds

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5
Q

What is the typical value for period?

A

.06 to .5 microseconds

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6
Q

What is the period determined by?

A

The sound source

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7
Q

Is the period adjustable or not adjustable by the sonographer?

A

Not adjustable

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8
Q

What is the number of complete cycles in one second?

A

Frequency

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9
Q

What is the unit of measurements for Frequency?

A

Hertz (Hz)

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10
Q

What is the clinical value range for frequency?

A

2 to 15 MHz

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11
Q

What is frequency determined by?

A

the Sound source

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12
Q

Is the frequency adjustable or not adjustable by the sonographer?

A

Not adjustable

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13
Q

What is the sound frequency for audible sound?

A

20Hz to 20kHz

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14
Q

What is the sound frequency for infrasound?

A

below 20Hz

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15
Q

What is the sound frequency for ultrasound?

A

Greater than 20kHz

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16
Q

True or False:
Frequency of sound is clinically important since it affects penetration and image quality.

A

True

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17
Q

What produces better image quality?

A

Higher frequency, less penetration

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18
Q

What produces lesser image quality?

A

Lower frequency, More penetration

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19
Q

What is the relationship between period and frequency?

A

Inversely

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20
Q

As frequency increases, what will happen to the period?

A

Will decrease

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21
Q

As frequency decreases, what will happen to the period?

A

will increase

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22
Q

What is the period of wave that has a frequency of 8Hz?

A

1/8 of a second

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23
Q

What is the 3 bigness parameters?

A

Intensity
Power
Amplitude

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24
Q

What can Amplitude also be expressed as?

A

Decibels (db)

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25
Q

The “bigness” of a given wave either above the baseline or below the baseline.

A

Amplitude

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26
Q

Clinically, pressure amplitude ranges from what?

A

1 million pascals (1MPa) to 3 million pascals (3 MPa)

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27
Q

Amplitude is determined by what?

A

the sound source

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28
Q

True or False:
Amplitude increases as it propagates through the body

A

False
it decreases

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29
Q

How is amplitude measured?

A

from the baseline out to the peak.

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30
Q

Is amplitude adjustable or not adjustable by the sonographer?

A

Adjustable

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31
Q

The ratee of energy transfer, or the rate at which work is done is called what?

A

Power

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32
Q

What is the unit of measure for power?

A

watts

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33
Q

Clinically, what is the imaging values range for power?

A

0.004 to 0.090 watts

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34
Q

What is power determined by?

A

the sound source

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35
Q

Does power decrease or increase as it propagates through the body?

A

Decrease

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36
Q

Is power adjustable or not adjustable by the sonographer?

A

Adjustable

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37
Q

True or False:
Power is affected by the density of the medium

A

True

38
Q

What is the relationship of power and amplitude?

A

Directly related or directly proportional

39
Q

When power increases, what happens to the amplitude?

A

it increases

40
Q

When power decreases, what happens to the amplitude?

A

it decreases

41
Q

What is the concentration of energy in a sound beam called?

A

Intensity

42
Q

What are the units for intensity?

A

Watts/square centimeter (W/cm^2)

43
Q

True or false:
Intensity depends on the power of the beam and the area over which the power is applied.

A

True

44
Q

What is the value range for intensity?

A

0.01 to 300 W/cm^2

45
Q

What is instensity determined by?

A

the sound source

46
Q

Intensity sound propagation chages depending on the characteristics of what?

A

Both the sound wave and the medium

47
Q

Is intensity adjustable or not adjustable by the sonographer?

A

Adjustable

48
Q

What is the relationship between intensity and power?

A

It is proportional

49
Q

What is the relationship between intensity and amplitude?

A

it is proportional

50
Q

If the power of a wave doubles, the intensity…

A

also doubles

51
Q

If the power of a wave is cut in half, the intensity is….

A

also cut in half

52
Q

Always remember that squared follows…

A

amplitude

53
Q

The distance or length of one complete cycle is called

A

wavelength

54
Q

What is the units of measure for wavelength?

A

mm, meters

55
Q

Clinically, the wavelength in soft tissue ranges from…

A

0.15 to 0.8mm

56
Q

what is the wavelength determined by?

A

Both source and medium

57
Q

Is the wavelength adjustable or not adjustable by the sonographer?

A

Not adjustable

58
Q

What is the relationship between wavelength and frequency?

A

inversely

59
Q

In soft tissue, sound with a frequency of 1MHz has a wavelength of…

A

1.54mm

60
Q

If the wavelength goes up, the frequency..

A

goes down

61
Q

If frequnecy goes up, the wavelength..

A

goes down

62
Q

How do you determine the wavelength in soft tissue?

A

Divide 1.54mm by the frequncy in MHz

63
Q

What is the wavelength using a 1MHz transducer?

A

1.54mm

64
Q

What is the wavelength using a 2MHz transducer?

A

.77mm

65
Q

Higher frequency = _______ wavelengths

A

shorter

66
Q

Lower frequency =________ wavelengths

A

longer

67
Q

Which frequency will have better image quality?

A

High frequency

68
Q

Which frequency will penetrate deeper?

A

Low frequency

69
Q

What is the rate at which a sound wave travels through a medium called?

A

Propagation Speed

70
Q

What is propagation speed measured in?

A

mm/s or distance/time

71
Q

What is propagation speed dependent on?

A

Tissue

72
Q

What is the speed range for propagation speed?

A

500 m/s to 4000 m/s

73
Q

Propagation speed is determined only by what?

A

the medium

74
Q

Is propagation speed adjustable or not adjustable by the sonographer?

A

Not adjustable

75
Q

True or false:
All sound travels at different speed

A

False
travels at the same speed

76
Q

What is the speed of sound in soft tissue?

A

1540 m/s or 1.54km/s or 1.54mm/µs

77
Q

Does sound travel slow or fast in solids?

A

Fastest

78
Q

Does sound travel slow or fast in liquids?

A

Slower

79
Q

Does sound travel slow or fast in gasses?

A

Slowest

80
Q

What are the 7 acoustic parameters?

A

Period
Frequency
Amplitude
Power
Intensity
Wavelength
Speed

81
Q

What determines the speed of period and frequency?

A

Sound source

82
Q

What determines the speed of amplitude, power and intensity?

A

Sound source

83
Q

What determines the speed of wavelength?

A

sound source and medium

84
Q

What determines speed?

A

Medium

85
Q

What is the ability of an object to resist compression called?

A

Stiffness

86
Q

What is directly related to speed?

A

Stiffness

87
Q

What is another term for stiffness?

A

Bulk Modulus

88
Q

What is the opposite of stiffness?

A

Elasticity and compressibility

89
Q

What describes the relative weight of a material?

A

Density

90
Q

True or false:
Dense material wighs more than non-dense.

A

True

91
Q

What is related to density?

A

Weight

92
Q

What relationship do density and speed have?

A

inversely related

Sonography (39 decks)

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