Monohybrid Crossing Flashcards
Alleles
The different forms of a gene, they occupy the same locus or positions on a chromosome.
Autosomal
A locus on any chromosome but a sex chromosome.
Dominant Trait
A trait expressed preferentially over another trait
Drosophilla Melanogaster
The fruit fly, a favorite organisms for genetic analysis.
F1 generation
Offspring of a cross between true breeding plants homozygous for the trait of interest
F2 generation
Offspring of a cross involving the f1 generation
Genotype
The genetic constitution of an organism with respect to a trait
Heterozygous
Different alleles for a trait in a individual such as Yy
homologous chromosomes
The pair of chromosomes in a diploid that have the same genetic content
homozygous
both alleles for a trait are the same in an individual
hybrid
offspring of two homozygous individuals differing in the traits of interest.
Mendel’s law of independent assortment of alleles
Alleles of different genes are assorted independently of one another during the formation of gametes.
Mendel’s law of segregation
Alleles segegate from on another during the formation of gametes.
Monohybrid cross
cross involving parents differing in only one triat
phenotype
The physical appearance of an organism with respect to a triat
Recccesive trait
A triat that is preferentially masked
Sex chromosomes
sex determination is based on sex chromosomes
Test cross
A cross between an organism with an unknown genotype and an organism with the recessive phenotype.
True breeding
Homozygous from the true breeding trust.
What did Mendel’s research show?
That traits are inherited as genes(discrete unites)
Why did Mendel use pea plants?
Because the were purebread plants, he had control over breeding, and there were sever “either-or” traits.
What does the Law of dominance state?
That the dominant trait will madk the recessive trait with a heterozygus or hybrid.
What is a gene
a piece of DNA that directs a cell to make a certain protein
Homozygus describes two alleles that are….
The same at a specific locus
Heterozygus describes two alleles that are…
different at a specific locus
Example of Genotype
Homozygus recessive: pp
Example of pheno type
purple flower
What do genes influence
The development of traits
What is a genome
All of an organisms genetic material
What is a haploid
When an organism only has a single set of chromosomes(in humans it’s only sex cells)
What is a diploid
A cell containing two copies of each chromosome one from each parent
