DNA to Proteins Flashcards
Why is DNA called the blueprint of life?
In contains all teh information your body needs to make you the person who are.
What did Fredrcik Griffith do?
His first experiments suggested bacteria are capable of transferring genetic information through transformation. He injected mice.
What did Oswald Avery do?
He found that proteins contain very little phosphorus and DNA does have phosphorus. He showed that the ratios of nitrogen and phosphorus were consistent in DNA. IF DNA was destroyed then no bacterial transformation took place.
What did Hrershey and Chase do?
They confirm DNA is genetic material. Bacteriophages were used because viruses contain little more than DNA and proteins.
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic
What is the structure of DNA
It is made up of a long chain of nucleotides
What sugar is found in DNA
Deoxyribose sugar
WHat is the monomer of DNA
Nucleotides
What are the three parts of a nucleotide?
A phosphate group, a deoxyribose sugar, a nitrogen-containing base.
What are purines?
Purines are Adenine and Guamine. They have two rings fused together
What are pyrimidines?
They are Thymine and Cytosine. they only have one ring.
What 2 things make up the backbone of DNA
Sugar and phosphate
What are the 4 nitrogen bases of DNA?
Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, and Guamine.
What are the base pair rules for DNA
A purine always pair with a pyrimidine
What bond is found between two nucleotides on the backbone of DNA
Covalent bonds
Who were Watson and Crick?
The discoveres of the double helix
What did Watson and Crick do?
They discovered the double helix and made the model of DNA
Who was Rosalind Franklin? What did she do?
She was an x-ray crystallographer she discovered photo 51 and her work contributed a lot to the understanding the molecular structure of DNA,RNA, and viruses.
What are antiparallel strands?
This means the two strands of DNA run in opposite directions and connects the nitrogenous bases on each strand which allows DNA to carry nucleotides in a specific sequence.
What bonds are nitrogen bases connected by?
Hydrogen bonds
What two things does DNA replication also reequire?
A pool of nucleotides and ATP
What does Helicase do?
Unzipsand Unwinds the double helix DNA molecule. It breaks the H-bonds and then the strands seperate.
What does DNA polymerase do?
It adds nucleotides to the exposed bases. Matches up the complementary bases. It catalyzes and reforms H-bonds. It also proof reads for errors and corrects.
How is a new strand of DNA formed?
They are made in 5-3 direction. Nucleoties can be added only to 3 end.
What does Ligase do?
it joins Okazaki fragments together
What is a human genome?
A complete set of nucleic acid sequences encoded as DNA.
What is Chargoffs rule?
That DNA included an equal percentage of A and T and an equal percentage of G and C.
