Cell structure/ Function

Question 1

Semipermeable membrane

Answer 1

The membrane that allows only some materials to enter or leave the cell

Question 2

Cytoplasm

Answer 2

the fluid that fills the cell,

Question 3

Organeles

Answer 3

Small specialized internal compartments

Question 4

Cell

Answer 4

are the fundamental units of life on Earth, and they are the building blocks that make up all other living things.

Question 5

Ribosome

Answer 5

complex cellular mechanism used to translate genetic code into chains of amino acids. Long chains of amino acids fold and function as proteins in cells.

Question 6

Mitochondria

Answer 6

membrane-bound cell organelles (mitochondrion, singular) that generate most of the chemical energy needed to power the cell’s biochemical reactions.

Question 7

Lysosomes

Answer 7

Digest large molecules

Question 8

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 8

a network of membrane-enclosed tubules and sacs (cisternae) that extends from the nuclear membrane throughout the cytoplasm (Figure 9.1). The entire endoplasmic reticulum is enclosed by a continuous membrane and is the largest organelle of most eukaryotic cells.

Question 9

Eukaryote

Answer 9

organisms whose bodies are made up of eukaryotic cells, such as protists, fungi, plants and animals. Eukaryotic cells are cells that contain a nucleus and organelles, and are enclosed by a plasma membrane.

Question 10

Prokaryote

Answer 10

are unicellular organisms that consist of a single prokaryotic cell. Prokaryotic cells are simple cells that do not have a true nucleus or other cell organelles

Question 11

Bacteria

Answer 11

single-celled microorganisms with prokaryotic cells

Question 12

Nuclei/nucleus

Answer 12

large organelle in eukaryotic organisms which protects the majority of the DNA within each cell. The nucleus also produces the necessary precursors for protein synthesis.

Question 13

Golgi apparatus

Answer 13

a cell organelle that helps process and package proteins and lipid molecules, especially proteins destined to be exported from the cell.

Question 14

ATP

Answer 14

is a molecule that carries energy within cells. It is the main energy currency of the cell

Question 15

Photosynthesis

Answer 15

A chemical process that occurs in plants, algae, and some types of bacteria, when they are exposed to sunlight. During photosynthesis, water and carbon dioxide combine to form carbohydrates (sugars) and give off oxygen.

Question 16

Chlorophyll

Answer 16

A green colored pugment

Question 17

Glucose

Answer 17

the main type of sugar in the blood and is the major source of energy for the body’s cells.

Question 18

Chloroplast

Answer 18

found only in algal and plant cells, is a cell organelle that produces energy through photosynthesis

Question 19

Producers

Answer 19

organisms that make their own food; they are also known as autotrophs

Question 20

Cellular Respiration

Answer 20

the process by which cells derive energy from glucose. The chemical reaction for cellular respiration involves glucose and oxygen as inputs, and produces carbon dioxide, water, and energy (ATP) as outputs.

Question 21

Flagella

Answer 21

The flagella have a whip-like appearance that helps to propel a cell through the liquid.

Question 22

Cell differation

Answer 22

the process in which cells from the same source gradually produce cell groups with different morphological structures and functional characteristics.

Question 23

Cell/tissue/organs/organ system

Answer 23

the level of organization for multicellular organisms