Monday - Intro to Endo - Trachte

Question 1

What hormones act quickly from the pituitary? Where are they released from?
Where are they made?

Answer 1

Oxytocin and Vasopressin
released from the posterior pituitary
Made in hypothalmus

Question 2

Why are anterior pituitary hormones slower than posterior

Answer 2

they may involve a 3rd endocrine gland before they effect happens.

Question 3

what are the veins called going from the hypothalamus to the pituitary?

Answer 3

Hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system

primary capillaries(in hypothalamus) –> portal system –> secondary capillaries (in the pituitary)

Question 4

Many hormones have what kind of regulation?

Answer 4

negative feedback loop
pituitary hormone blocks releasing factor in hypothalmus (short feedback)
hormone from peripheral gland blocks release of pituitary and hypothal (long feedback loop)

Question 5

Steps involved in making a protein/peptide hormone

Answer 5

pre-pro-hormone made and RER cleaves into pro-hormone

enzymes in golgi cleave to mature hormone

go into vesicles

when released, carried by carrier proteins

Question 6

Why are steroid hormones made from cholesterol on demand (not stored)

Answer 6

they are lipophilic, cannot be stored in vesicle.

Question 7

What hormones are amines?

Answer 7

Catecholamines
(dopamine, NE, Epi)
Thyroid hormone (T4, T3)

made from tyrosine

Question 8

Target cells do what to regulate hormone response?

Answer 8

up/down regulate number of receptors.

Question 9

Since hormones have negative feedback, how are they secreted to prevent desensitization?

Answer 9

pulsatile waves.