mollusca

Question 1

mollusca in latin means what?

Answer 1

soft

Question 2

what is the mantle formed of? what does is secrete?

Answer 2

dorsal epithelium

calcareous spicules or one or more shells

Question 3

what do molluscs use for feeding?

Answer 3

radula. they scrape out a living

Question 4

name type of organisms that are included in mollusca

Answer 4

• clams
• snails
• limpets
• tusk shells
• ammonites
• nautilus
• squid
• octopus

Question 5

mollusks have a shell of calcium carbonate set in a _________ _______.

Answer 5

protein matrix

Question 6

name the 3 layers of a shell

Answer 6

• periostracum (outer)
• prismatic (middle)
• nacreous (inner)

Question 7

protrandrous

Answer 7

having male reproductive organs come to maturity before female in hermaphroditic organisms.

Question 8

name the 5 classes of phylum mollusca

Answer 8

• polyplacaphora
• scaphopoda
• gastropoda
• bivalvia
• cephalopoda

Question 9

polyplacophora;

• what type of organism?
• where do they live?
• how big can they get?

Answer 9

• chitons
• intertidal
• up to 30cm

Question 10

what are the plates of a polyplacophore bordered by?

Answer 10

a thick girdle/mantle

Question 11

where is the foot located on a polyplacophore?

Answer 11

entire ventral surface

Question 12

how does a polyplacophore move?

Answer 12

pedal waves.

Question 13

Class scaphopoda = latin?

Answer 13

boat foot.
tooth or tusk shells.
‘Dentalium’

Question 14

name some features of a scaphopoda

Answer 14

• no heart
• sendentry
• opening at both ends
• no gills
• foot for burrowing
• head rudimentary
• radula present

Question 15

Gastropoda means what in latin? what organisms does it include?

Answer 15

stomach foot

• snails
• sea slugs
• limpets
• slugs
• abalone

Question 16

cephalopoda = what in latin?

what organisms does it include?

Answer 16

'head feet'
-octopus
-squid
-cuttlefish
ammonites
-nautilus

Question 17

Lottia alveus

Answer 17

eelgrass limpet. extinct now, once common on the east coast.

Question 18

what are the defining characteristics of gastropoda?

Answer 18

• proteinaceous shield on the foot (operculum)
• planispiral shell
• visceral mass and nervous system become twister 90-180degree

Question 19

what do gastropods exhibit during embryonic development, in regards to the visceral mass and nervous system becoming twisted?

Answer 19

torsion.

Question 20

what percentage of molluscans are gastropods?

Answer 20

75-80%

Question 21

2 types of body whorls

Answer 21

sinestral - left

dextral - right

Question 22

pneumostome

Answer 22

lung, mouth

Question 23

autotomy

Answer 23

self amputation. where an organism discards one or more of its own appendages.
-displayed in GASTROPODA

Question 24

via what doe gastropods reproduce?

Answer 24

love darts

Question 25

bivalves; cephalization

Answer 25

lacks it

Question 26

what is the siphon made of in bivalves?

Answer 26

mantle tissue

Question 27

what two feeding mechanisms are bivalves missing?

Answer 27

radula 
odontophore (supports radula)

Question 28

name some predator avoidance techniques for bivalves

Answer 28

• swim
• bury
• thick shells
• closed shells
• high densities
• attach through byssal threads

Question 29

what are the defining characteristics of Class cephalopoda?

Answer 29

1: shell divided by septa, with chambers connnected by the siphuncle
2: closed circulatory system (vs the rest with hemocoel)
3: foot modified to form flexible arms and siphon
4: ganglia fused to form a large brain encased in a cartilaginous cranium

Question 30

hemocoel

Answer 30

circulation system. a cavity surrounding the heart.

Question 31

what is unique about cephalopoda’s heart?

Answer 31

three hearts beat as one.

Question 32

what are the two groups of cephalopoda divided by?

Answer 32

those with shell and those without. (nautilus)

Question 33

what do cephalopoda use for movement?

Answer 33

jet propulsion

Question 34

name five bioluminescence and adaptions of cephalopodas that make them unique.

Answer 34

photophores
chromatophores
crypsis
ink
vision

Question 35

hectocotylus

Answer 35

modified third arm/tentacle in males used for fertilizing females. (cephalopoda)

Question 36

nidamental gland

Answer 36

female cephalopoda, accessory gland made of lamellae and help secrete egg cases.