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FISH 205 > Arthropoda > Flashcards

Arthropoda Flashcards

1
Q

arthropoda= greek

A

jointed feet

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2
Q

defining characteristics of arthropods

A
  • jointed exoskeleton of chitin

- loss of motile cilia

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3
Q

name the general characteristics of arthropoda

A
  • tagmata
  • moulting
  • setae
  • hemocoel
  • striated muscle
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4
Q

sclerotized

A

hardening of tissue. i.e.: exoskeleton

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5
Q

name the four subphylums of arthropoda

A

trilobitomorpha
chelicerata
crustacea
uniramia

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6
Q

number of pairs of antennae:

  • triobite
  • chelicerae
  • crustacea
  • insecta
A

T: 1
Ch: 0
Crus: 2
I: 1

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7
Q

number of pair of appendages

  • Trilobite
  • Chelicerae
  • Crustacea
  • Insecta
A

T: 1 per thoracic segment
Ch: 4
Crus: many >4
In: 3

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8
Q

Appendages located where:

  • Trilobites
  • Chelicerata
  • Crustacea
  • Insecta
A

T: everywhere
Ch: prosoma
Cru: everywhere
Insecta: thorax

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9
Q

tagmata vs metameres

A

the development of groups of body segments (METAMERES) fused into functionally distinct body regions (TAGMATA), such as the head, thorax, and abdomen regions of arthropods

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10
Q

ecdysis

A

moulting

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11
Q

the procuticle includes what?

A

exocuticle and endocuticle (ie: hinges of a crab)

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12
Q

what is the function of the epidermis and basal lamina?

A
  • secretion of exoskeleton
  • simultaneous molt
  • completely encases (except setae)
  • completely shed (include gut lining)
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13
Q

describe hemocoel

A

a cavity or series of spaces between the organs of most arthropods and mollusks through which the blood circulates

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14
Q

how is the strength of an arthropod determined?

A

by the rate at which the nerve pulses are delivered.

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15
Q

what era did diversification occur with arthropods?

A

Precambrian

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16
Q

what are the two classes of Subphylum Uniramia?

what animals are these represented by?

A

Myriapoda and Insecta

centipedes, millipedes, insects

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17
Q

Defining characteristics of Subphylum Uniramia

A
  • appendages on the third head segment
  • retinula of compound eyes
  • one pair of uniramous antennae
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18
Q

retinula of compound eyes: contains how many cells?

A

8

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19
Q

what are the two orders in class myriapoda?

A 
Order Chilopoda (centipedes)
Order Diplopoda (millipedes)
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20
Q

Chilopoda (centipedes)

  • where do they live
  • where are they generally found
  • what is their exoskeleton comprised of?
A
  • fast moving carnivores found in soil, humus, under logs.
  • generally terrestrial, some marine
  • exoskeleton an unwaxed cuticle
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21
Q

Chilopoda (centipedes) respire via?

A

tracheae

-restricted to moist environments

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22
Q

what is the difference in speed and diet between chilopoda and diplopoda?

A

Chilopoda are fast moving carnivores

Diplopoda are slow moving deposit feeders that plow through soil and decaying organic material

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23
Q

what type of cuticle do diplopoda have?

A

non-waxy cuticle with salts for reinforcement

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24
Q

Defining characteristics for Insecta

  • appendages
  • limbs
  • antennae
A 
-fusion of one pair of head appendages 
(the second maxillae to form a lower lip)
-loss of all abdominal appendages
-3 pairs of thoracic limbs
-one pair of antennae
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25
tympanal organs (arthropoda)
- hearing organs - thin external vibrating membrane - located in 'armpit'
26
what sort of system is used for respiration in insects?
tracheal system
27
why are so many insects awaiting description?
-adaptive radiation-appendage modification -dispersal capabilities (wings, predator-avoidance possibilities) -metamorphosis
28
insects co-evolved with what?
angiosperms (flowered plants) | -pollination
29
what feeding specialization do some insects have?
``` proboscis -ie: butterflies sponging mouth parts -ie: flies Biting mouth parts -ie: paper wasp Biting and sucking mouth parts -ie: carpenter bee ```
30
name three reasons that insects may have developed flight
- temperature - lateral outgrowths - gills
31
thrust vs lift
thrust: -every action there is an equal and opposite reaction lift: -produced through differential airflow on the upper and lower surfaces
32
name 4 diseases that insects are vectors for
- malaria - typhoid - yellow fever - sleeping sickness
33
name three reasons why insects are so widely studied
- bilogical controls - threats to agriculture - vectors of human disease - produce secretions that are toxic to humans and other animals - commercially important products (honey and beeswax) - domestic honey bees (major pollinator of most food crops grown worldwide)
34
name two groups of insects that display eusocial systems
- hymenoptera (bees, wasps, ants) | - isoptera (termites)
35
Eusociality
form colonies composed of more or less sterile workers and one or more reproductive queens
36
why are there sterile animals in eusocial societies?
- sterile workers dont breed - honeybee sting - giant soldiers - grenade soldiers
37
describe haploid/diploidy
females arise from fertilized eggs, males arise from unfertilized eggs.
38
what mentality goes along with haploid/diploidy?
better to help your sisters than have daughters for yourself
39
what type of feeders are trilobites?
scavengers, direct deposit feeders or carnivores.
40
where would you find trilobites?
marine, benthic. crawlers or plowers.
41
what are the two classes of chelicerata?
merostomata (horseshoe crab) | Arachnida
42
defining characteristics of Subphylum Chelicerata
-no antennae -body divided into 2 -1st pair of appendages >chelicerae >are for feeding
43
Class Merostomata means what in greek?
thigh mouth (horseshoe crab)
44
Class Arachnida - name some organisms
``` spiders harvestmen ticks mites scorpions ```
45
what part of the body are chelicera?
the first pair of appendages
46
what emit silk from tiny spigots?
spinnerets
47
what is the female gonopore of arachnids?
epigynum
48
what is the second pair of appendages for arachnids, used to transfer sperm?
pedipalp. located anteriorly.
49
what is another word for a cephalothorax for arachnids?
prosoma
50
what is the other word for abdomen for arachnids?
opisthosoma
51
name some features of spider silk - what its made of - its durability - what expels it
-protein (glycine, alanine, serine) -able to resist external forces (balances strength and flexibility) -expelled thru spinerettes
52
name 3 uses of spider silk for spiders
- protect young - make homes - move around - obtain prey - sperm pick up
53
name some organisms of sub-phylum crustacea
crabs, shrimp, prawns, krill, barnacles, isopods, amphipods, stomatopods
54
name the three class of crustacea
``` class maxillopoda class malacostraca class branchiopoda ```
55
What defines Subphylum Crustacea?
- naupilus larvae - two pairs of antennae - biamous appendages (vs uniramia)
56
what type of organism has 'the strength of a 22 caliber bullet'?
stomatopods | -mantis shrimp
57
what rearing flap do isopoda have?
marsupium
58
what type of organisms are representative of Class Malacostraca?
shrimp and crab
59
what are the six stages of reproduction in general decapod lifecycle?
- egg and sperm - zygote - nauplius - zoea - megalopa - juvenile
60
what is the pincher part of the limb called for crab?
chela
61
what are the self-cut planes called for arthropods?
autotomy
62
phylum onycophora = what type of animal? | -what makes them unique?
velvet worm - lack muscles, are not jointed - lack chitinous skeleton - sensory hairs - terrestrial - nocturnal - slime glands - lobopods (14-43 pairs of legs)
63
tardigrades have use what for piercing tissues?
oral stylets
64
what type of biosis do tardigrades exhibit?
cryptobiosis

FISH 205 (19 decks)

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