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FISH 205 > Arthropoda > Flashcards

Arthropoda Flashcards

1
Q

arthropoda= greek

A

jointed feet

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2
Q

defining characteristics of arthropods

A
  • jointed exoskeleton of chitin

- loss of motile cilia

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3
Q

name the general characteristics of arthropoda

A
  • tagmata
  • moulting
  • setae
  • hemocoel
  • striated muscle
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4
Q

sclerotized

A

hardening of tissue. i.e.: exoskeleton

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5
Q

name the four subphylums of arthropoda

A

trilobitomorpha
chelicerata
crustacea
uniramia

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6
Q

number of pairs of antennae:

  • triobite
  • chelicerae
  • crustacea
  • insecta
A

T: 1
Ch: 0
Crus: 2
I: 1

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7
Q

number of pair of appendages

  • Trilobite
  • Chelicerae
  • Crustacea
  • Insecta
A

T: 1 per thoracic segment
Ch: 4
Crus: many >4
In: 3

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8
Q

Appendages located where:

  • Trilobites
  • Chelicerata
  • Crustacea
  • Insecta
A

T: everywhere
Ch: prosoma
Cru: everywhere
Insecta: thorax

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9
Q

tagmata vs metameres

A

the development of groups of body segments (METAMERES) fused into functionally distinct body regions (TAGMATA), such as the head, thorax, and abdomen regions of arthropods

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10
Q

ecdysis

A

moulting

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11
Q

the procuticle includes what?

A

exocuticle and endocuticle (ie: hinges of a crab)

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12
Q

what is the function of the epidermis and basal lamina?

A
  • secretion of exoskeleton
  • simultaneous molt
  • completely encases (except setae)
  • completely shed (include gut lining)
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13
Q

describe hemocoel

A

a cavity or series of spaces between the organs of most arthropods and mollusks through which the blood circulates

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14
Q

how is the strength of an arthropod determined?

A

by the rate at which the nerve pulses are delivered.

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15
Q

what era did diversification occur with arthropods?

A

Precambrian

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16
Q

what are the two classes of Subphylum Uniramia?

what animals are these represented by?

A

Myriapoda and Insecta

centipedes, millipedes, insects

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17
Q

Defining characteristics of Subphylum Uniramia

A
  • appendages on the third head segment
  • retinula of compound eyes
  • one pair of uniramous antennae
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18
Q

retinula of compound eyes: contains how many cells?

A

8

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19
Q

what are the two orders in class myriapoda?

A 
Order Chilopoda (centipedes)
Order Diplopoda (millipedes)
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20
Q

Chilopoda (centipedes)

  • where do they live
  • where are they generally found
  • what is their exoskeleton comprised of?
A
  • fast moving carnivores found in soil, humus, under logs.
  • generally terrestrial, some marine
  • exoskeleton an unwaxed cuticle
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21
Q

Chilopoda (centipedes) respire via?

A

tracheae

-restricted to moist environments

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22
Q

what is the difference in speed and diet between chilopoda and diplopoda?

A

Chilopoda are fast moving carnivores

Diplopoda are slow moving deposit feeders that plow through soil and decaying organic material

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23
Q

what type of cuticle do diplopoda have?

A

non-waxy cuticle with salts for reinforcement

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24
Q

Defining characteristics for Insecta

  • appendages
  • limbs
  • antennae
A 
-fusion of one pair of head appendages 
(the second maxillae to form a lower lip)
-loss of all abdominal appendages
-3 pairs of thoracic limbs
-one pair of antennae
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25
Q

tympanal organs (arthropoda)

A
  • hearing organs
  • thin external vibrating membrane
  • located in ‘armpit’
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26
Q

what sort of system is used for respiration in insects?

A

tracheal system

27
Q

why are so many insects awaiting description?

A

-adaptive radiation-appendage modification
-dispersal capabilities
(wings, predator-avoidance possibilities)
-metamorphosis

28
Q

insects co-evolved with what?

A

angiosperms (flowered plants)

-pollination

29
Q

what feeding specialization do some insects have?

A 
proboscis
-ie: butterflies
sponging mouth parts
-ie: flies
Biting mouth parts
-ie: paper wasp
Biting and sucking mouth parts
-ie: carpenter bee
30
Q

name three reasons that insects may have developed flight

A
  • temperature
  • lateral outgrowths
  • gills
31
Q

thrust vs lift

A

thrust:
-every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
lift:
-produced through differential airflow on the upper and lower surfaces

32
Q

name 4 diseases that insects are vectors for

A
  • malaria
  • typhoid
  • yellow fever
  • sleeping sickness
33
Q

name three reasons why insects are so widely studied

A
  • bilogical controls
  • threats to agriculture
  • vectors of human disease
  • produce secretions that are toxic to humans and other animals
  • commercially important products (honey and beeswax)
  • domestic honey bees (major pollinator of most food crops grown worldwide)
34
Q

name two groups of insects that display eusocial systems

A
  • hymenoptera (bees, wasps, ants)

- isoptera (termites)

35
Q

Eusociality

A

form colonies composed of more or less sterile workers and one or more reproductive queens

36
Q

why are there sterile animals in eusocial societies?

A
  • sterile workers dont breed
  • honeybee sting
  • giant soldiers
  • grenade soldiers
37
Q

describe haploid/diploidy

A

females arise from fertilized eggs, males arise from unfertilized eggs.

38
Q

what mentality goes along with haploid/diploidy?

A

better to help your sisters than have daughters for yourself

39
Q

what type of feeders are trilobites?

A

scavengers, direct deposit feeders or carnivores.

40
Q

where would you find trilobites?

A

marine, benthic. crawlers or plowers.

41
Q

what are the two classes of chelicerata?

A

merostomata (horseshoe crab)

Arachnida

42
Q

defining characteristics of Subphylum Chelicerata

A

-no antennae
-body divided into 2
-1st pair of appendages
>chelicerae
>are for feeding

43
Q

Class Merostomata means what in greek?

A

thigh mouth (horseshoe crab)

44
Q

Class Arachnida - name some organisms

A 
spiders
harvestmen
ticks
mites
scorpions
45
Q

what part of the body are chelicera?

A

the first pair of appendages

46
Q

what emit silk from tiny spigots?

A

spinnerets

47
Q

what is the female gonopore of arachnids?

A

epigynum

48
Q

what is the second pair of appendages for arachnids, used to transfer sperm?

A

pedipalp. located anteriorly.

49
Q

what is another word for a cephalothorax for arachnids?

A

prosoma

50
Q

what is the other word for abdomen for arachnids?

A

opisthosoma

51
Q

name some features of spider silk

  • what its made of
  • its durability
  • what expels it
A

-protein (glycine, alanine, serine)
-able to resist external forces
(balances strength and flexibility)
-expelled thru spinerettes

52
Q

name 3 uses of spider silk for spiders

A
  • protect young
  • make homes
  • move around
  • obtain prey
  • sperm pick up
53
Q

name some organisms of sub-phylum crustacea

A

crabs, shrimp, prawns, krill, barnacles, isopods, amphipods, stomatopods

54
Q

name the three class of crustacea

A 
class maxillopoda
class malacostraca
class branchiopoda
55
Q

What defines Subphylum Crustacea?

A
  • naupilus larvae
  • two pairs of antennae
  • biamous appendages (vs uniramia)
56
Q

what type of organism has ‘the strength of a 22 caliber bullet’?

A

stomatopods

-mantis shrimp

57
Q

what rearing flap do isopoda have?

A

marsupium

58
Q

what type of organisms are representative of Class Malacostraca?

A

shrimp and crab

59
Q

what are the six stages of reproduction in general decapod lifecycle?

A
  • egg and sperm
  • zygote
  • nauplius
  • zoea
  • megalopa
  • juvenile
60
Q

what is the pincher part of the limb called for crab?

A

chela

61
Q

what are the self-cut planes called for arthropods?

A

autotomy

62
Q

phylum onycophora = what type of animal?

-what makes them unique?

A

velvet worm

  • lack muscles, are not jointed
  • lack chitinous skeleton
  • sensory hairs
  • terrestrial
  • nocturnal
  • slime glands
  • lobopods (14-43 pairs of legs)
63
Q

tardigrades have use what for piercing tissues?

A

oral stylets

64
Q

what type of biosis do tardigrades exhibit?

A

cryptobiosis

FISH 205 (19 decks)

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