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FISH 205 > Annelida > Flashcards

Annelida Flashcards

1
Q

what are the three classes of annelida?

A

polychaeta (marine worms)
oligochaeta (earthworms)
hirundinea (leeches)

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2
Q

defining characteristics of annelida

A
  • 1 or more pair of chitinoussetae/chaetae
  • metamerism
  • trochophore larvae (gr: wheel bearing)
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3
Q

biphasic lifestyle

A

broadcast spawner

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4
Q

metamerism

A

linear series of body segments

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5
Q

tagmata

A

a grouping of segments (arthropods)

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6
Q

what is the difference between metameric segmentation and tagmata?

A

linear vs grouping of segments

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7
Q

size range of annelida?

A

microscopic to 3m

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8
Q

what type of body cavity to annelida have?

A

coelomic

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9
Q

what type of circulatory system of annelida?

A

closed circulatory

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10
Q

where is the nerve cord located on annelida?

A

ventrally

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11
Q

excretion via what?

A

nephridia

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12
Q

vermiform

A

worm-shaped

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13
Q

what is the difference between setae and cilia?

A

setae: stiff bristles present on the body. aid in peristaltic motion.
cilia: minute hair like organelles that line the surfaces of certain cells and beat in rhythmic waves.

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14
Q

peristaltic movement

A

the movement by constricting part of its fluid filled body cavities, allowing for elongation of the body anteriorly. when relaxing the setae keeps the body from moving backwards.

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15
Q

describe polychaeta

A 
marine worms:
-tube worms
-sand worms
numerous setae
well developed head
-including sensory organs
-antennae
-able to secrete mucus in epithlium
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16
Q

describe the parapodia of polychaeta

A

paired, lateral, fleshy, paddle like.

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17
Q

what is different about polychaeta’s sex organs

A

they are not permanent. they shed gametes in breeding season via nephridia.

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18
Q

describe the spawning method of polychaeta

A

broadcast spawners.

  • external fertilization
  • through to a trochphore larvae
19
Q

epitoky

A

polychaete mode of reproduction
-worms partially or entirely transform into an epitoke, a pelagic form able to reproduce. this is where gametes are produced

20
Q

sedentia vs errantia

A 
sedentia= sessile
errantia = active
21
Q

what two types of burrows do polychaete do?

A

simple vertical or U shaped

22
Q

what do burrows serve as for polychaetes?

A

protective retreat.

  • a lair for catching passing prey
  • provide access to clean oxygenated water above a muddy or sandy bottom
23
Q

describe the tubes of sedentia polychaetes

A
  • made of secreted material from glands on the ventral surfaces
  • permit the worm to inhabit hard, bare surfaces such as rock shell or coral
24
Q

what type of sensory appendages are well developed in sendentia polychaeta?

A
  • prostomial.

- 1st segment of a worm’s body in the anterior end

25
Q

how do errant polychaeta move (using an anchor system)

A

eversible pharynx

-punch and anchor in the sediment, and upon retraction move themselves forwards

26
Q

manners in which polychaeta burrow/move about

A

peristaltic burrowing
eversible pharynx
rapid lateral undulations (shimmy)
crawl with parapodia and body waves

27
Q

Polynoidae is a ________ of polychaetes?

A

guest. lives in tubes and the burrows of other polychates and crustaceans on corals and the ambulacral grooves of sea stars. symbiotic.

28
Q

Class hirudinea:

  • where can you find them?
  • how many segments?
  • setae?
  • what type of parasites?
  • parapodia?
A
  • marine, fw, terrestrial
  • 32-34 segments
  • generally ectoparasites
  • no setae
  • lack parapodia
29
Q

how are hirudinea shaped?

A

dorsoventrally flattened, anteriorly tapered.

annulations external.

30
Q

why is movement different for hirundea?

A

no septa between segments, reductions of coelom.

  • inchworm like movement
  • undulates like eels
31
Q

where are the suckers located on hirudinea?

A

anterior and posterior

32
Q

describe the reproduction type of hirudinea

A
  • internal fertilization
  • hermaphroditic
  • anterior suckers grasp
  • cocoon appears for egg laying
33
Q

what country is big on medicinal leeches?

A

india

34
Q

what species of leech is used for medicine?

A

Hirudo medicinalis

35
Q

what would you use a medicinal leech for?

A
  • anti-coagulants
  • vasodilators (heart disease)
  • plastic surgery
  • reattachment of limbs
36
Q

hirudin

A

anti-coagulant properties in Hirudo medicinalis.

37
Q

what type of carnivore are hirudinea?

A

sanguivores

38
Q

Oligochaeta are found in which environments?

A

mainly fw and terrestrial

39
Q

oligochaeta

-parapodia

A

absent. instead simple setae

40
Q

clitellum

A

a thickened glandular section of the body wall near the head that secretes a viscid sac in which eggs are deposited. Hirudinae + oligochaeta

41
Q

oligochaeta:

  • what type of reproduction?
  • gonads?
  • reproductive segments?
A
  • hermaphrodites
  • permanent gonads
  • specific reproductive segment
42
Q

how often do oligoghaetes breed?

A

semi continually

43
Q

describe the feeding preferences of oligochaetes

  • type of feeder
  • what type of food do they feed on
  • when do they ingest
A
  • scavengers
  • feed on vegetation and decomposing matter
  • ingest while burrowing

FISH 205 (19 decks)

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