Molecules of life Flashcards
What percentage of our body is water
50 to 70 percent
What does water do in out body
act as a polar solvent in virtually all reactions (most important function)
but it also allows molecules to move around
solubilizes ions
It not only acts as a solvent but also as a reactant and product (metabolic water)
What are the five molecules of life
Water proteins Carbohydrates Lipids Nucleic acids
What are substances that dissolve in water called
Hydrophylic
What are substances that don’t dissolve in water called
hydrophobic
What are common monosaccarides
(Pentoses, 5 carbon atoms)
Ribose
Deoxyribose
(hexoses, 6 carbon atoms)
Glucose
Fructose
Galactose
What forms when two monosaccharides join together
disaccharide
what is the bond between disaccharides called
Glycosidic bond
what forms when a glucose and a fructose join
sucrose
What forms when a galactose and a glucose join
Maltose
What kind of bond do polysaccharides use
alpha 1 to 6 glycosidic bond
What is the only polysaccharide produced by the body
glycogen, which consists of sugar molecules joined together and have side chains
Which is the carbohydrate polymer in plants
starch
What is the function of glucose in the body
To generate energy
it is for most cells the primary energy source
What is the function of galactose and fructose in the body
to be converted into glucose to generate energy, to be metabolized
What is the function of sucrose, lactose and maltose, (disaccharides) in the body
to be broken down into their respective monosaccharides and used for energy production
What does glycogen do and where is it stored
It is stored in the liver and it is used for storage of glucose
Why does the the body can’t break down cellulose
because it has different glycocidic bonds
What is a Glycoprotein
a protein with a small amount of glycogen attached
What is a glycolipid
a lipid with a small amount of glycogen attached
what is a proteoglycan
a carbohydrate with a small amount of protein attached
What are the three processes or metabolize sugar into ATP
Glycolisis
Krebs cycle
and electron transport chain
What is ATP
a ribose unit, attached to an organic base, adenine and three phosphate groups
What bonds join the phosphates in the ATP molecule
phosphodiester bonds
What kind of molecule are bile acids
lipid
What kind of molecule is cholesterol
lipid
