Cell biology Flashcards
What is a cell
A cell is a chemical system that is able to maintain its structure and reproduce. They are the simplest collection of matter than can live, their structure is related to their function and they all derive from stem cells.
What are the three main principles of cell theory
All living things are composed of one or more cells.
The cells is the basic unit of life.
New cells arise from existing cells.
What are the nine shapes of cells
Squamous Cuboidal Columnar Polygonal Stellate Spheroid Discoid Spindle-shaped Fibrous
What are the four main tissues found in the human body
Connective
Nervous
Muscle
Epithelial
Connective tissue
often forms joining structures in organ,
blood and bone are also considered connective tissue
Nervous tissue
It is electrically active and is part of the nervous system
Muscle tissue
Is further divided into skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscle
Epithelial tissue
Forms linings on our organs
How are cells studied
Through
microscopy - Structural information
Biochemical analysis - functional information
Types of Microscopy
Light microscopy - using light waves to form the image, resolution of 200nm
magnification of 1000x
Electron microscopy - acceleration electrons to make them behave as waves rather than particles
resolution of 0.5 nm
magnification of 10.000x
(Ultra-structural images)
Biochemical Analysis
Set of techniques that allow scientists to study how the different organelles operate and the interaction of molecules.
It is done by cell fractioning and homogenisation by using a centrifuge.
What are the cell domains
Prokaryota ( Bacteria and Archaea)
Eukaryota
What are the common features to all cells
Plasmar membrane
Semi-fluid substance - cytosol
Chromosomes - carry genetic information
Ribosomes - make proteins
Characteristics of Prokaryotic cells
lack of membrane bound organelles ( nucleus, mitochondria)
Have a single DNA circular piece - NUCLEOID
their size rage is 1 to 10 muM
they are mostly monocellular organisms
Characteristics of Prokaryotic cells
lack of membrane bound organelles ( nucleus, mitochondria)
Have a single DNA circular piece - NUCLEOID
They are mostly monocellular organisms
Their size ranges from 1 to 10 muM