Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > Introduction > Flashcards

Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

What is anatomy

A

Anatomy is the study of living things

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How can anatomy be studied

A

Inspection (simply looking, palpation, auscultation and percussion)
Dissection (dissecting cadavers and comparing their anatomy)
Exploratory surgery
Imaging (X-ray, Ultrasound, CT scan, MRI and PET)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the two types of anatomy

A

Gross anatomy - studies what can be seen with the naked aye by inspection dissection and Radiology)
Histology - Microscopic anatomy, studied with a microscope.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is physiology

A

Physiology is the study of the function of living things.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How is physiology Studied

A

From scientific experimentation by comparing the physiology of humans.

It is done at different scales from cell to the whole organism.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the different levels of structure

A 
Atom
Molecule
Organelle
Cell
Tissue
Organ
Organ System
Organism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are Humans classified as

A 
Kingdom -  Animals
Phylum -  Chordata
Subphylum - Vertebrata
Class -  Mammalia
Order - Primates
Family - Hominedae
Genus -  HOmo
Species - Sapiens
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are our Chordata Characteristics

A

Pharyngal arches - bulges that form in the pharyngal are. In fish and amphibians, pushed open between them to form slit gills, but not in humans.

A tail that extends beyond the anus - The bones of the coccyx are remain after birth as a a remnant of this.

A notochord - a dorsal flexible rod.

(these three are only in the fetal stage)

A dorsal hollow nervous cord - a column of nervous tissue that extends through the upper dorsal side of the body. It has a central canal filled with fluid. It persists throughout life as the brain and spinal cord.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are our Vertebrate characteristics

A

A well developed brain and sense organs
An internal skeleton
A jointed vertebral column
and a protective, typically bony, enclosure for the brain (cranium)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are our mammalian characteristics

A

Mammary glands - for nourishing the young.

Hair - which serve sin most mammals to preserve body heat.

Endothermy - the ability to generate most of the body heat through metabolic means.

Heterodonty - the possession of varied teeth ( incisors, canines, pre-molars and molars), These varied teeth specialise to puncture, cut and grind food to break it down into small pieces. These makes chemical digestion faster, which is necessary to support a high metabolic rate, esencial to maintain endothermic animals.

Three middle-ear-bones - stirrup, anvil and hammer

A single, lower jaw bone - the mandible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are our primate characteristics

A 
Only two mammary glands
A pair of functional clavicles
Four upper and lower incisors
Opposable thumbs
Forward facing eyes with stereoscopic vision
Nails instead of claws
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are our hominid characteristics

A

Large brains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which are the other Great Apes

A

Orangutangs
Gorillas
Chimpanzees (+bonobos)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are our human characteristics

A

Largest brains
Bipedalism
Language - spoken and written
Abstract thinking - the ability to ask the why questions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Variations

A

There are variation to both Anatomy and Physiology.

They can be normal or pathological variations.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Reference human

A

The reference human is a healthy 22-year-old male living in a mean ambient temperature of 20 degrees celcius, weighing 70kg, engaging in light physical activity and consuming 2… calories a day.

The reference female is the same but for an average weight of 50 kg and intake of 2000 kcal a day.

17
Q

What is homoestasis

A

It is the boy’s ability to detect change, activate mechanisms to reverse it and thereby maintaining relatively stable internal conditions.

18
Q

What is dynamic equilibrium

A

it means that physiological values fluctuate very closely to an average value.

19
Q

What do all homoestatic system include

A

receptors - evaluate conditions and therefore detect change
Integrating system - processes signals, compares values to a reference one; and trigger effectors
Effectors - carries out the corrective action

20
Q

Negative feedback

A

a process where change is detected and mechanisms are activated to reverse or negate it.

21
Q

Positive feedback

A

a process where physiological change is detected and mechanisms are activated to increment this change in the same direction. for example childbirth, to accelerate the process since it is dangerous for both the mother and the infant.

22
Q

The Anatomical position

A

Erect body with feet flat on the floor and arms by the side. Face eyes and palms facing forward.

23
Q

Which are the main regions of the Body

A

The axial region (head cervical region and the truck (thoracic region and abdominal region))

Appendicular regions ( upper limbs; brachial, antebrachial carpal, manual regions and digits; lower limbs: femoral, crural, tarsal pedal regions and digits).

24
Q

What are the quadrants of the abdomen

A

Right upper
left upper
right lower
left lower

25
Q

What are the nine regions of the abdomen

A 
left and right hypochondriac
left and right lumbar region
left and right ingual region
epigastric
umbilical
hypogastric
26
Q

Cavity and lining of the brain

A

cranial

meninges

27
Q

Cavity and lining of the Spinal cord

A

Vertebral canal

meninges

28
Q

Cavity and lining of lungs

A

pleural cavities

pleura

29
Q

Cavity and lining of the heart

A

Pericardial cavity

pericardium

30
Q

Cavity and lining of Digestive organs, spleen and kidneys

A

Abdominal cavity

Peritoneum

31
Q

Cavity and lining of the bladder, rectum, reproductive organs

A

Pelvic cavity

Peritoneum

32
Q

What does caudal mean

A

Towards the tail or inferior end

33
Q

Serous membranes

A

secret lubricant fluid and separate and protect viscera.

Anatomy (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions