Molecular Genetics Lesson 1 Flashcards
What are the two strands that wrap around each other to form a double helix
Polynucleotide
nitrogenous bases are binded to the
sugar
purines are
a and g (double ringed)
Pyrimidines are
C, T, U (single ringed)
A and T have how many h-bonds?
2
C and g have how many h-bonds?
3
The 5’ end of DNA is attached to the
phosphate group
The 3’end of DNA is attached to the
hydroxyl
In prokaryotes, bacteria is compacted into the ____ through ______
nucleoid, supercoiling
what are plasmids
small, circular, or linear dna molecules that are not part of the nucleoid and carry non-essential genes. Haploid
What are the two organelles that carry their own DNA
Chloroplasts and Mitochondria
If you lined up all of the DNA in one cell it would reach
2m
The diameter of the nucleus is
4x10-6 m
At the simplest level, chromatin is
a double stranded helical structure that is 2nm high.
DNA is complexed with
8 histones that form nucleosomes when wrapped with DNA 1.65 times
The width of a chromosome is
1400nm
A chromosome with one molecule of DNA is called
an unduplicated chromosome
a duplicated chromosome contains
two identical daughter DNA molecules
Chromatid vs chromosomes
when 2 DNA molecules are joined together, each molecule is a chromatid. The two molecules together is called a duplicated chromosome. When a DNA molecule is not attached to another one then that single molecules is an unduplicated chromosome.
What is a centromere
where the spindle fibers attach to the chromosome
