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Bio 12 > 11.3 Central Nervous System > Flashcards

11.3 Central Nervous System Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The brain is protected by

A

skull

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2
Q

The spinal cord is protected by

A

vertebrate

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3
Q

The brain and spinal cord are wrapped in ___ protective membranes called _________

A

3, meninges

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4
Q

____________ fills the spaces between

A

cerebrospinal fluid, meninges, central canal of spinal cord, and ventricles. It also cushions the CNS

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5
Q

oxygen and nutrients are delivered to the brain through ________________________________

A

blood vessels and capillaries

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6
Q

A cerebrovascular accident is

A

a blockage of blood flow to the brain otherwise known as a stroke

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7
Q

The boundary between the brain and the spinal cord is where

A

the first pair of spinal nerves comes off the spinal cord

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8
Q

The mature brain has 3 major divisions

A

hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain

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9
Q

The part of the brain most closely associated with the spinal cord

A

hindbrain

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10
Q

The hindbrain is considered the _______ brain because its parts are well developed in fish and amphibians

A

primitive

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11
Q

The hindbrain controls

A

basic life activities such as breathing, heartbeat, and blood pressure

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12
Q

the hindbrain is composed of

A

medulla oblongata, pons, and the cerebellum

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13
Q

the _______ is an extension of the spinal cord

A

medla oblongata

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14
Q

the medulla oblongata contains many _______ neurons

A

association (interneurons)

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15
Q

the medulla oblongata acts like a relay system because it

A

sorts incoming and outgoing information

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16
Q

the medulla oblongata connects the _______________ and the sensory pathways to the __________________

A

higher parts of the brain, motor neurons

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17
Q

the medulla oblongata controls

A

breathing systems: diaphragm and muscles. Also heart rate and it regulates blood vessel diameter

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18
Q

Cerebellum is located right behind the

A

medulla oblongata

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19
Q

The cerebellum contains both ______ and ______ ________ that has many folds

A

white matter (myelinated tissue) and grey matter (unmyelinated tissue)

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20
Q

The cerebellum is connected by _______ to the ________ of the cerebral cortex

A

nerves, motor area

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21
Q

The cerebellum receives input from almost all of the

A

sensory areas of the body

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22
Q

The cerebellum coordinates and maintains (function)

A

all fine control over motor actions. It controls posture and equilibrium.

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23
Q

What are symptoms of damage to the cerebellum

A

jerky and abrupt movements, difficulty keeping balance, and slurred speech

24
Q

Pons is located between

A

the midbrain and medulla oblongata

25
Q

The nerve fibres in in Pons connect

A

the two sides of the cerebellum. It connects the cerebellum to parts of the cerebrum, midbrain, and lower brain centres such as the medulla oblongata.

26
Q

Pons contains parts of the ________ control system

A

breathing

27
Q

The midbrain is located above the

A

pons

28
Q

the midbrain consists of ___ bundles of _______ matter

A

4, grey

29
Q

the midbrain acts as a relay centre for

A

some of the reflexes associated with eyes and ears

30
Q

Below the grey matter in the midbrain is some white matter that forms connections between the

A

pons, cerebellum, the spinal cord, and parts of the cerebrum

31
Q

The forebrain contains the

A

thalamus, hypothalamus, and cerebrum

32
Q

The thalamus is located above the

A

midbrain

33
Q

the thalamus acts as a relay centre for

A

nerve impulses going to the cerebrum

34
Q

the thalamus affects

A

consciousness and perception of pain levels

35
Q

The hypothalamus is the control centre for many vital functions of the ____________________

A

autonomic nervous system

36
Q

The hypothalamus plays a role in

A

temperature regulation and water balance

37
Q

The hypothalamus is the control centre for

A

hunger, thirst, sexual drive

38
Q

The hypothalamus regulates this part of the brain

A

pituitary gland

39
Q

What is the largest part of the brain?

A

Cerebrum

40
Q

The two cerebral hemispheres are separated by a ________________ and the two hemispheres are connected by a nerve tract called the ________________

A

longitudinal fissure, corpus callosum

41
Q

Each hemisphere is divided by _____________ into 4 lobes being ____________________

A

two deep grooves, parietal, temporal, frontal, occipital

42
Q

The outer layer of the cerebrum is called the

A

cerebral cortex

43
Q

The cerebral cortex is highly _________ thus creating a large surface area ___ times normal allowing it to contain all the _______ nerve cells which make up __% of cells in the brain

A

convoluted, 3, cortical, 10

44
Q

a small amount of the cerebral cortex is occupied by the ______ and ______ cortexes in the

A

motor, sensory, parietal lobe

45
Q

a large amount of the cerebral cortex is made of associative cortex which is the site of

A

mental activities such as conceptualization, planning, contemplation, and associative memory

46
Q

The motor cortex consists of

A

a narrow band of nerve tissue in the parietal lobe just in front of the central fissure

47
Q

the motor cortex controls the voluntary movement of

A

skeletal muscle (striated muscle)

48
Q

impulses from the motor nerves affects muscles on what side of the brain?

A

opposites

49
Q

The sensory cortex lies

A

in the band of nerve tissue in the parietal lobe behind the motor cortex

50
Q

what receives input from different parts of the body (a cortex)

A

sensory

51
Q

the sensory cortex is in close contact with the neurons for ________ on the occipital lobe, __________ on the temporal love and _________ on the frontal lobe.

A

vision, hearing, smell

52
Q

The spinal cord extends from the brainstem down to the _________ of the first Lumbar vertebrae

A

inferior plate

53
Q

The spinal cord is divided into ___ segments, each of which gives rise to a pair of spinal nerves that are apart of the ______ nervous system

A

31, peripheral

54
Q

sensory nerve fibers enter by way of the _________ (afferent path) while motor impulses are carried from the cord by way of the ___________ (efferent path)

A

dorsal root, ventral root

55
Q

The ______ connect the sensory and motor neurons together and carry messages up and down the spinal cord.

A

interneurons (association)

56
Q

This type of neuron is apart of a reflex arc that does not involve the brain

A

interneuron

Bio 12 (14 decks)

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