11.1 Nervous System

Question 1

What is a neuron

Answer 1

a specialized nerve cell that is the functional unit of the nervous system

Question 2

Neural Signalling is

Answer 2

the process by which an animal respons appropriately to stimuli

Question 3

4 components of Neural Signaling

Answer 3

Reception, Transmission, Integration, Response

Question 4

Reception

Answer 4

Detection of a stimulus

Question 5

Transmission

Answer 5

movement of a message along a neuron to another neuron, muscle, or gland

Question 6

Integration

Answer 6

Sorting and interpretation of multiple neural messages and determination of appropriate response

Question 7

Response

Answer 7

Action resulting from the integration of neural messages

Question 8

3 Classes of Neurons

Answer 8

1. Afferent
2. Interneurons
3. Efferent

Question 9

Afferent Neurons

Answer 9

Also called sensory, transmit stimuli collected by sensory receptors to interneurons

Question 10

Interneurons

Answer 10

Integrate the information to formulate an appropriate response

Question 11

Efferent Neurons

Answer 11

carry the response signal away from the interneurons to the effectors (muscles, or glands)

Question 12

When are efferent neurons called motor neurons?

Answer 12

If they carry the signal to a muscle

Question 13

What is the cell body

Answer 13

contains the nucleus and most of the organelles in the cell

Question 14

What is a dendrite

Answer 14

Has highly branched projections at the end of a neuron. Receives signals and transmits them towards the cell body

Question 15

What are axons

Answer 15

specialized projections that conduct signals away from the cell body to another neuron or an effector.

Question 16

What are Glial Cells

Answer 16

cells that do not conduct electrical signals, but provide support and nutrition

Question 17

What is an example of a Glial Cell

Answer 17

Shwann Cells

Question 18

What are Shwann Cells

Answer 18

they form tightly wrapped layers of plasma membrane called the myelin sheath around axons and act as electrical insulators due to their high lipid content

Question 19

What are the gaps between schwann cells

Answer 19

Nodes of Ranvier. They expose the axon membrane directly to extracellular fluid

Question 20

Do glial cells or neurons reporduce?

Answer 20

glial cells. They are the source of nearly all brain tumours

Question 21

What are the two ways axons can deliver information

Answer 21

through the axon or jump node to node which is faster

Question 22

The nervous system is divided into two parts

Answer 22

the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system

Question 23

Central Nervous System consists of

Answer 23

spinal cord and brain. Most interneurons are located here.

Question 24

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there

Answer 24

31

Question 25

How many pairs of cranial nerves are there

Answer 25

12 ex. optic nerve

Question 26

What is the peripheral nervous system

Answer 26

connects the brain and spinal cord with the rest of the body.

Question 27

what types of nerves are in the peripheral nervous system

Answer 27

somatic - deal with skeletal muscle (carries signals through head trunk and limbs
autonomic - deals with smooth muscles cardiac and glands

Question 28

Reflex Arc

Answer 28

Pain Receptor (stimulus), Afferent Neuron, Interneuron, Efferent Neuron, Effector