Molecular Genetics Flashcards
Purines
Adenine and guanine, double ringed
Pyrimidines
Cytosine and guanine, single ringed
How can you tell a new strand from the old strand immediately after replication
Methylation which occurs as DNA ages
A complete genome is present in every one of your _____ cells
Autosomal
What unwinds the helix
Helicase
What keeps the strands unwound
Single strand binding proteins (SSB)
DNA gyrase
A topoisomerase which relieves overwound DNA resulting from uncoiling by introducing negative supercoils
DNA polymerase
Adds individual nucleotides
mRNA in eukaryotes is ______, it only translates into one product. In bacteria it is ______.
Monocistronic, polycistronic
rRNA
Plays an important part of ribosomes
Template strand is
Antisense
Promoters
Specialized regions that signal where to begin transcription
Termination sequence
RNA polymerase dissociates
3 ways of processing
- A 5’ guanosyl cap
- A poly-A tail
- Introns must be removed
Processing happens where
Nucleus
How many codons can you make with three amino acids
64
What role does peptidyl transferase play in protein synthesis
It catalyses the formation of a peptide bond
Which stages of protein synthesis require energy?
All of them
Topoisomerase are enzymes involved in
DNA replication
In the trp operon
Transcription is the norm unless a repressor bind
Which codons, when in the A site, start termination
UGA UAA UAG
Some RNA viruses replicate using what enzyme
RNA replicase
Integrase
Puts DNA copy into the host genome
Virion
A new viral particle
What’s it called when a virus leaves via exocytosis
Extrusion
What is bacteria in the lytic phase called
Virulent
Plasmids called ____ are capable of integrating into the genome
Episomes
How many ori do bacteria have
1
Transformation
Integration of foreign chromosome
Conjugation
Involves a cytoplasmic bridge from donor male (+) to recipient female (-) made from sex pilli
Usually the bridge collapses before the full DNA sequence can be moved in conjugation. Cells that have undergone the change are refered to as
Hfr or high frequency of recombination
Transduction is
The carry over using viruses
Promoter
Where RNA polymerase binds
operator consists of
nontranscribable region of DNA that can bind a repressor protein
what codes a repressor
regulator
Inducible systems require the presence of a compound known as an ____
Inducer
