Digestion Flashcards
What are squamous cells
They are like scales
What is pseudostratified
It looks like more than one layer but it’s only one
What is digested in the mouth
Saliva contains salivary amylase to digest starch an lipase to digest fats
Is esophagus voluntary or involuntary
Top is voluntary which is why you can swallow but peristaltic action after is involuntary
Name the three gastric glands
- Mucous
- Chief cells
- Parietal cells
Chief cells secrete
Pepsinogen for proteins
Parietal cells secrete
HCl
Pyloric glands secrete
Gastronomic which induces more HCl and stomach mixing
Most digestion occurs in the
Duodenum
Pancreatic juice contains
Bicarbonate solution, pancreatic amylase, pancreatic peptidases (trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen, and elastinogen), enterokinases activate trypsinogen to trypsin which activates all other, lipase
What is digested in the small intestine
Everything
What does enterokinase do
Activates trypsinogen to trypsin which activates all other enzymes
Where is bile produced and stored
Produced in the liver and stored in the pancreas
What causes bile to be released
CCK
pH of bile is
8.5
What does bile do
Emulsifiers fats and cholesterol into micelles
Chyme in the duodenum purpose
Breaks down carbs and proteins
How are simple sugars and amino acids absorbed into capillaries
Through facilitated diffusion and active transport
Pathway of simple sugars into amino acids into blood circulation
Into capillaries and then to the liver and hepatic portal circulation
How do small fats go into the the capillaries
Directly
How do large fats get into the blood
Move into intestinal cells in small bits then reform into chylonicrons which enter lymphatic system through lacteals
What’s the point of surfactant
A detergent that decreases surface tension and prevents collapse
Is breathing autonomic or somatic
Breathing is autonomic but the diaphragm is somatic
What surrounds the lungs
Plura
Contracted diaphragm is
Flat
Contracting the diaphragm and externalintercostal muscles lead to
Inspiration
What in the brain causes ventilation
Controlled by neurons ventilation centers in the medulla oblongata, which is sensitive to the CO2 concentration in the body
What monitors blood pH
Chemoteceptors on the neuron surface
