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Biology > Embryology > Flashcards

Embryology Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

The morula develops into a

A

Blastocyst, a hollow fluid filled ball

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1
Q

At the beginning of a zygotes development the size _____

A

Stays the same

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2
Q

Trophoblast gives rise to the

A

Chorion/placenta

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3
Q

______ help the blastula implant into the endometrium

A

Proteolytic enzymes

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4
Q

Invagination called archenteron develops into the

A

Gut

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5
Q

Bastopore develops into the ____ in deuterosomes such as humans

A

Anus

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6
Q

Blastocoele develops into ____ in protosomes

A

Mouth

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7
Q

How many days to gastrula

A

14

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8
Q

Yolk sac is the site of

A

Early blood vessel development

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9
Q

Chorionic villi

A

Grow into the placenta and support mother to fetus gas exchange

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10
Q

Foremen ovale

A

Takes blood from the right to left atria

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11
Q

Ductus arteriosus

A

Puts leftover blood from pulmonary artery to aorta

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12
Q

Ductus venosus

A

Carries blood from placenta to inferior vena cava

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13
Q

What develops in first trimester

A

Organs, heartbeat, skeleton, brain, and gonads

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14
Q

Second trimester develops

A

Growth, face, toes

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15
Q

Third trimester develops

A

Growth, brain, antibodies

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16
Q

Cartilage develops from

A

Chondrocytes

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17
Q

Axial vs appendicular

A

Axial head and spine, appendicular is arms legs and pelvis

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18
Q

Bone is from what germ layer

A

Mesoderm

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19
Q

Charactaristics of spongy bone

A

Has bony spicules called trabiculae

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20
Q

Periosteum

A

Surrounds bone as protection

21
Q

A bone unit is a

A

Osteon or Haversian canal

22
Q

_____ surround Haversian canal

A

Lamella

23
Q

What does Haversian canal contain

A

Blood vessels, nerve fibers, and lymph

24
Q

Lacuna

A

House osteocytes in spaces between canals

25
Q

How does estrogen affect bones

A

Stimulates osteoblast activity

26
Q

Ligaments connect

A

Bone to bone

27
Q

Muscle is innervated by which nervous system

A

Somatic

28
Q

Sarcolemma

A

Capable of an action potential because T tubules allow for ions to flow

29
Q

What mineral is common in sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

Ca2+

30
Q

z line is

A

Boundary of sarcomere

31
Q

A band consists of

A

Thick or myosin only

32
Q

M line

A

Runs down center of sarcomere

33
Q

I band

A

Region containing only thin filaments

34
Q

H zone

A

Contains only thick myosin

35
Q

Which band remains the same size through contraction

A

A band

36
Q

Ca2+ in sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

Release ca2+ and depolarize. Ca2+ binds to troponin causing tropomyosin to shift exposing the myosin binding site on actin

37
Q

What provides the energy for the muscle power stroke

A

ATPase

38
Q

Power stroke is caused by

A

When myosin binds, ADP and Pi are too causing power stroke

39
Q

Once Ca2+ leaves on muscle

A

So do ADP and Pi and an ATP joins leading to detachment from actin and put back myosin to its relaxed position

40
Q

Without Ca2+ in muscle

A

Myosin can’t bind

41
Q

Without ATP in muscle

A

Myosin can’t dissociate

42
Q

Tetanus in muscle

A

When a muscle doesn’t have enough time to relax = muscle fatigue

43
Q

Smooth muscle is controlled by which nervous system

A

Autonomic

44
Q

Nucleus situation in smooth muscle

A

Only one

45
Q

Does smooth muscle respond to nervous signals?

A

Yes but it doesn’t need them to contract

46
Q

Three types of connective tissue and their function

A

Collagen for strength
Elastin for resilience
Recticular for connecting

47
Q

Ligaments and tendons are made of what

A

Collagen

48
Q

Characteristics of cardiac muscle

A

Involuntary, striated, uninucleate, Ca required. Has myogenic activity

49
Q

Creatine phosphate

A

A storage system for excess ATP

Biology (16 decks)

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