Molecular Bio and Biotech Flashcards

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1
Q

biotechnology

A

manipulation of organisms to do practical things and provide useful products

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2
Q

genetic engineering

A

diret manipulation of genes for practical purposes. isolating genes n moving genes etc.

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3
Q

molecular biology

A

study of molecules critical to life (carbs, nucleic acids etc.)

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4
Q

genetic transformation

A

uptake and expression of DNA by a living cell

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5
Q

host organism

A

organism in which DNA can be interested

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6
Q

vector

A

carries DNA sequences into a host.

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7
Q

non-pathogenic bacteria

A

don’t carry disease

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8
Q

heat-killed pathogenic bacteria

A

should be dead but there is still dna that is transferred

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9
Q

transformants

A

a cell (bacteria, fungus, yeast or plant) into which foreign DNA has been introduced.

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10
Q

genes are not made of

A

protein

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11
Q

plasmid

A

A circular piece of autonomously replicating DNA

Originally evolved by bacteria

May express antibiotic resistance gene or be modified to express proteins of interes

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12
Q

transformation

A

DNA is required in a process where organism absorbs a gene from the environment and expresses it to produce a new trait

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13
Q

chimeric gene

A

splice together different parts of a gene

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14
Q

recombinant DNA tech

A

take a plasmid, use restriction enzymes to cut, create sticky ends, add in a new gene (and ligase to fill gap) and then product is plasmid + new gene

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15
Q

in virto

A

bio experiments done in a test tube

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16
Q

competent

A

bacteria that have the ability to take up plasmid DNA

17
Q

bla

A

breaks down antibiotic ampiciliiun

18
Q

GFP

A

fluoresces green when exposed to blue light

19
Q

arabinose

A

transcription factor that controls the transcription fo GFP gene

20
Q

how are bacteria transformed

A

use a divalent metal ion to make the membrane more permeable to DNA, then it gets replicated, transcribed and translated into protein and then there is a notable phenotypic difference.

21
Q

transformation steps

A

1) transformation solution (add in ions to shield -ve DNA charge)
2) incubate on ice (slows fluid membrane)
3) heat shock to increate permeability of membranes
4) add nutrient growth incubation to allow the ampicillin resistance protein to be expressed

22
Q

what is. nutrient broth

A

LB broth
- contains nutrients for bacterial growth and gene expression
(like chicken soup)

23
Q

LB and no plasmid

A

yes bacterial growth. lawn growth (complete) and no fluorescence

24
Q

LB AND amp

A

no growth. this is control since there is no plasmid treatment or pglo but ampicillin will kill

no growth (complete) and no fluorescence

25
Q

Lb and amp and plgo

A

yes bacterial growth since there is pglo

colonies and no fluorescence

26
Q

lb, amp, arabinose and pGLo

A

yes bacterial growth, with pglo

colonies and fluorescence