Molecular Bio and Biotech Flashcards
biotechnology
manipulation of organisms to do practical things and provide useful products
genetic engineering
diret manipulation of genes for practical purposes. isolating genes n moving genes etc.
molecular biology
study of molecules critical to life (carbs, nucleic acids etc.)
genetic transformation
uptake and expression of DNA by a living cell
host organism
organism in which DNA can be interested
vector
carries DNA sequences into a host.
non-pathogenic bacteria
don’t carry disease
heat-killed pathogenic bacteria
should be dead but there is still dna that is transferred
transformants
a cell (bacteria, fungus, yeast or plant) into which foreign DNA has been introduced.
genes are not made of
protein
plasmid
A circular piece of autonomously replicating DNA
Originally evolved by bacteria
May express antibiotic resistance gene or be modified to express proteins of interes
transformation
DNA is required in a process where organism absorbs a gene from the environment and expresses it to produce a new trait
chimeric gene
splice together different parts of a gene
recombinant DNA tech
take a plasmid, use restriction enzymes to cut, create sticky ends, add in a new gene (and ligase to fill gap) and then product is plasmid + new gene
in virto
bio experiments done in a test tube
competent
bacteria that have the ability to take up plasmid DNA
bla
breaks down antibiotic ampiciliiun
GFP
fluoresces green when exposed to blue light
arabinose
transcription factor that controls the transcription fo GFP gene
how are bacteria transformed
use a divalent metal ion to make the membrane more permeable to DNA, then it gets replicated, transcribed and translated into protein and then there is a notable phenotypic difference.
transformation steps
1) transformation solution (add in ions to shield -ve DNA charge)
2) incubate on ice (slows fluid membrane)
3) heat shock to increate permeability of membranes
4) add nutrient growth incubation to allow the ampicillin resistance protein to be expressed
what is. nutrient broth
LB broth
- contains nutrients for bacterial growth and gene expression
(like chicken soup)
LB and no plasmid
yes bacterial growth. lawn growth (complete) and no fluorescence
LB AND amp
no growth. this is control since there is no plasmid treatment or pglo but ampicillin will kill
no growth (complete) and no fluorescence
Lb and amp and plgo
yes bacterial growth since there is pglo
colonies and no fluorescence
lb, amp, arabinose and pGLo
yes bacterial growth, with pglo
colonies and fluorescence
