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Bio Lab I > Lesson 1 and 2- stats and Microscope > Flashcards

Lesson 1 and 2- stats and Microscope Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Compound microscope:

A
  • has larger magnification (40x-1000x )
    to see bacteria, tissue ets
    Requires a slide
    Revolving nose piece that has different objective lenses
    Light source comes from the bottom and transmits light through the organism
    Top lens is called ocular lens
    Produces a 2D image
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2
Q

Dissecting microscopes

A

usually for something you can see
Can use slides
Has a separate light source (you need to bring a lamp)
Lens points down at the image (A)

Low magnification: 7x-30x
Produces a 3D image (since what you are handling are usually organisms or something)
Uses reflected light for opaque images

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3
Q

Stereoscopic

A

produces a 3D image

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4
Q

Light microscope

A

Magnifies image to make it look larger than it actually is
Focuses image
is paragocal and and parcentered
*both compound and dissecting are light microscopes
result of magnification and focussing is an increase in resolution

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5
Q

resolution

A

the ability to tell that two objects that are very close together are distinct objects rather than just one

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6
Q

all light/ compound microscopes have a

A

Illumination system

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7
Q

Illumination system

A

Light source
Condenser
Iris diaphragm

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8
Q

Condenser (Illumination system

A

focuses light from the light source onto the specimen (thing at the bottom of the slide)

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9
Q

Iris diaphragm (Illumination system

A

controls the amount of light. When its open, it is brighter and you loose contrast. Staining slides increase contract. When its closed, it gives more contrast.

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10
Q

Imaging system

A

Oculars
objectives
stage

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11
Q

Oculars (Imaging system)

A

can be monocular or binocular. (always provides 10x magnification), you can have either one ocular lens or two

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12
Q

objectives (Imaging system)

A

has many different magnifications

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13
Q

stage (Imaging system)

A

holds the microscope slide (you can clip it onto the stage)

should always be in the lowest setting

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14
Q

what is the smallest magnification you can see

A

The smallest magnification we can see is 40x (since ocular is 10 and lens is 4)

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15
Q

Total magnification

A

ocular magnification x objective magnification

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16
Q

Field of view

A

area that you are viewing in microscope. When objective increases, the field of view decreases. This varies from microscope to microscope

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17
Q

Stage micrometer

A

its a slide that is used as.as a ruler

Each of these hatch marks is etched at 0.01mm and 0.1 mm intervals (0.01 is the small ticks at the beginning)

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18
Q

Area of the FOV

A

Use diameter to calculate area. A + pi r^2 = pi (d/2)^2

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19
Q

how to calibrate the ocular micrometer

A

Stage micrometer can be used to calibrate the ocular micrometer

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20
Q

ocular micrometer

A

helps you to look at an image under the microscope and count how many ticks it is if its microscopic. There are no units because it depends on the magnification

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21
Q

callibrate ocular

A

line up with stage micrometer (known distance)
Count the stage lines and multiply it by 0.1 mm/ stage line
Divide this by the ocular units to get the answer
You might have to twist the ocular lens to calibrate it

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22
Q

microorganisms

A

organisms that are not visible to the naked eye

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23
Q

Research

A

answering a question using the scientific process.

24
Q

Wet mounts

A

slides prepared in a wet medium (can be alive)

25
Q

diagnosing

A

identify the nature of (an illness or other problem) by examination of the symptoms.

26
Q

parafocAL

A

is one which, if it is in focus with one objective, when the objective is rotated, will remain (mostly) in focus.

27
Q

paracentered

A

object in the center of view will remain in the center when the objective is rotated.

28
Q

calculate mean

A

add up all numbers and calculate averag

29
Q

median

A

middle number

30
Q

range

A

lowest to higher number and subtract

31
Q

standard deviation

A

do summation plus then take the button x with line on top, 2nd then square root x

32
Q

variance

A

s squared

33
Q

null hypothesis

A

states that nothing occured

34
Q

how to calculate the confidence interval

A

mu = x(with a line) +/- t(s/rootn)

x(line) is sample mean
n is sample size used to calculate
s is standard deviation
t value of student t

35
Q

what happens to confidence interval when sample size gets smaller

A

it gets larger since you are more unsure of the data

36
Q

bar graph

A

include the confidence intervals, axis labels with graph and everything

37
Q

write out the confidence interval eqn

A

mu = x(with a line) +/- t(s/rootn)

38
Q

write out a sample bar graph

A

ah

39
Q

write out a sample line graph

A

ah

40
Q

histogram

A

1) divide data into groups of equal size and covers all categories
2) create axis with categories
3) put data point in the frequency that the data goes into that category ex 6 times people chose cats
4) connect the line

41
Q

difference between histogram and bar graph

A

histogram shows what numbers occur the most and how they occur

42
Q

metric conversions??

A

go look up is prefix unit conversions real quick

43
Q

mean does not provide information about

A

RANGE, OUTLIERS, HOW DISTORTED DATA IS

44
Q

review the whole lab and the graphing

A

ok

45
Q

orientation in compound microscope

A

letters are flipped upside down

the image moves in the opposite direction as you move the slide to the right t and left

46
Q

brightness

A

brightness decreases as you increase magnification

47
Q

to find how much more area you can see in FOV

A

divide larger field by smaller field

48
Q

always start with

A

slide in lowest position and lowest objective on

49
Q

depth of field

A

you can’t see all things in focus at high magnification (ex threads)

50
Q

high power requires the most __

A

light

51
Q

dissecting microscope orientation

A

letter is facing the same way, image moves in the same direction that you move the slide

52
Q

dissecting vs compound microscopes

A

dissecting uses reflected illumination while compound use transmitted illumination

53
Q

go do some practice calculations from the powerpoint

A

PLEASE

54
Q

go to page 23 on lab manual and name the lab microscope parts

A

PLEAS

55
Q

Population

A

any set of individuals, objects or data

56
Q

Sample

A

a random observed subgroup of the population

57
Q

null hypothesis

A

state that nothing happened and then:

The observed difference in the means is due solely to change sampling variation.

Bio Lab I (12 decks)

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