Lesson 4 Mitosis and meiosis Flashcards
cell cycle
mitosis –> g1 –> s –> g2 (everything is interphase)
chromosome structure prophase and telophase
end is telomere, centre is centromere and there is only one strand that is called both chromatid and chromosome
chromosome structure metaphase
end is telomere, centre is centromere and there is two strands. one strand is the chromatid and the full thing is the chromosome
mitosis makes
identical cells
PMAT for mitosis
P: chromosomes get more visible M: move to middle plate in single file A: sister chromatids move apart T: nuclei reform *C: splitting of cytoplasm
diploid
two copies of DNA
haploid
one copy of DNA
homozygous
has identical alleles for a gene
heterozygous
different alleles for the same gene
meiosis makes
gametes (sperm and egg cells) with 23 chromosomes eachq
linked genes
fall on same chromosome and are close together
unlinked genes
on different parts of the chromosome and ae far away
independent assortment
genes on non homologous chromosomes separate independently from one another
gametogenesis
the process to form gametes
zygote
a fertilized ovum: diploid cell that results from the fusion of a haploid cell
stages of meiosis
mitosis one and two
one:
- reduction division
two:
- basically mitosis
meiosis I
P: homologous chromosomes cross over
M: homologous chromosomes PAIR in the center
A: chromosomes get pulled away
T: nuclei reform and *cytoplasm splits
homologous:
approximately same size and same genes of chromosomes
Meiosis 2:
P: chromosomes get more visible M: move to middle plate in single file A: chromatids!!! move apart T: nuclei reform *C: splitting of cytoplasm
chromatid
one strand of a chromosom
chromosome
2n or n
centromere
the thing that joins the two sister chromatids together
sister chromatid
are IDENTICAL
alleles
alternate versions of the gene
