Lesson 4 Mitosis and meiosis

Question 1

cell cycle

Answer 1

mitosis –> g1 –> s –> g2 (everything is interphase)

Question 2

chromosome structure prophase and telophase

Answer 2

end is telomere, centre is centromere and there is only one strand that is called both chromatid and chromosome

Question 3

chromosome structure metaphase

Answer 3

end is telomere, centre is centromere and there is two strands. one strand is the chromatid and the full thing is the chromosome

Question 4

mitosis makes

Answer 4

identical cells

Question 5

PMAT for mitosis

Answer 5

P: chromosomes get more visible
M: move to middle plate in single file
A: sister chromatids move apart 
T: nuclei reform
*C: splitting of cytoplasm

Question 6

diploid

Answer 6

two copies of DNA

Question 7

haploid

Answer 7

one copy of DNA

Question 8

homozygous

Answer 8

has identical alleles for a gene

Question 9

heterozygous

Answer 9

different alleles for the same gene

Question 10

meiosis makes

Answer 10

gametes (sperm and egg cells) with 23 chromosomes eachq

Question 11

linked genes

Answer 11

fall on same chromosome and are close together

Question 12

unlinked genes

Answer 12

on different parts of the chromosome and ae far away

Question 13

independent assortment

Answer 13

genes on non homologous chromosomes separate independently from one another

Question 14

gametogenesis

Answer 14

the process to form gametes

Question 15

zygote

Answer 15

a fertilized ovum: diploid cell that results from the fusion of a haploid cell

Question 16

stages of meiosis

Answer 16

mitosis one and two

one:
- reduction division

two:
- basically mitosis

Question 17

meiosis I

Answer 17

P: homologous chromosomes cross over
M: homologous chromosomes PAIR in the center
A: chromosomes get pulled away
T: nuclei reform and *cytoplasm splits

Question 18

homologous:

Answer 18

approximately same size and same genes of chromosomes

Question 19

Meiosis 2:

Answer 19

P: chromosomes get more visible
M: move to middle plate in single file
A: chromatids!!! move apart 
T: nuclei reform
*C: splitting of cytoplasm

Question 20

chromatid

Answer 20

one strand of a chromosom

Question 21

chromosome

Answer 21

2n or n

Question 22

centromere

Answer 22

the thing that joins the two sister chromatids together

Question 23

sister chromatid

Answer 23

are IDENTICAL

Question 24

alleles

Answer 24

alternate versions of the gene

Question 25

linked genes

Answer 25

on same chromosome

Question 26

heteromorphic chromosomes

Answer 26

differently shaped chromosomes

Question 27

synapsis

Answer 27

pairing of homologs

Question 28

gametogenesis

Answer 28

the process in which cells undergo meiosis to form gametes.

Question 29

syngamy

Answer 29

fusion of egg and sperm nuclei