Lesson 5: genetics

Question 1

mendel’s particulate theory

Answer 1

characteristics are determined by “particulate factors”
genes come in pairs
when sex cells form, the genes are transferred as discrete entities

Question 2

gametes

Answer 2

haploid sex cells

Question 3

particulate factors

Answer 3

genes

Question 4

what does it mean when you say “inherited characteristics are determined by genes”

Answer 4

genes are DNA sequences that are transcribed into mRNA

Question 5

gene

Answer 5

DNA transcription unit

Question 6

promoter

Answer 6

promoter is a region of DNA that leads to initiation of transcription of a particular gene

Question 7

transcribed region

Answer 7

the part that is copied

Question 8

terminator

Answer 8

a section of nucleic acid sequence that marks the end of a gene

Question 9

what does it mean when you say gametes form and are transferred as discrete entities

Answer 9

sex cells are made by meiosis and are haploid

Question 10

genes are found

Answer 10

on chromosomes

Question 11

phenotype

Answer 11

the trait that shows up

Question 12

each gene corresponds to a

Answer 12

specific region of the DNA that is used as a template to produce mRNA

Question 13

allele

Answer 13

there are alternative forms of genes

Question 14

each gene corresponds to a

Answer 14

specific region of the DNA that is used as a template to produce mRNA

Question 15

mendels first law of inheritance

Answer 15

law of segregation:

• there are alternative forms of genes (alleles)
• organisms have pairs of genes, inheriting one set from each parent
• if the organism has two alleles, the dominant will come forward to the recessive
• when gametes form, they contain a complete set of genes. the allele pairs segregate independently from each other

Question 16

independent assortment

Answer 16

increases genetic variability. contributes to the next generation because orientation of the chromosomes on the metaphase plate is random

Question 17

homozygous alleles

Answer 17

when an organism has identical alleles for a gene

can be dominant (Aa or recessive (aa)

Question 18

heterozygous

Answer 18

when an organism has different alleles for a gene

Question 19

menders principle of segregation describes

Answer 19

inheritance of a single characteristic.

Question 20

inheritance of single characteristicq

Answer 20

p0 is the true breeding parents (purple and white flowers)
f1 generation: all plants are purple flowers (dominant)
self cross (f1 and f1) yields f2 generation. 3/4 of plants are purple and 1 is white

Question 21

punnet squares

Answer 21

represent the gametes made by meiosis

Question 22

if a parent Is 2N with Pp, gametes are

Answer 22

PP purple, Pp purple, Pp purple and pp white

Question 23

law of independent assortment

Answer 23

during gamete formation, each pair of alleles segregates independently from the other pair of alleles. flower colour will assort differently from seed shape

Question 24

dihybrid crosses

Answer 24

shows two characteristics at the same time. the “father” goes on the top. if its PP and gg, each gamete is gonna be PG, Pg, pG and pg. write out a fraction at the end showing which characteristics show ed up

Question 25

sex determination

Answer 25

is done by the sperm gamete

Question 26

incomplete dominance

Answer 26

homozygous dominant: 2 copies of the functional allele
heterozygous: only 1 copy of the functional allele
homozygous recessive: 0 copies of the functional allele

Question 27

codominance

Answer 27

when the allele can exist together and combine to be something ex. blood type

Question 28

multiple alleleism

Answer 28

lots of alleles for a gene

Question 29

incomplete dominance

Answer 29

results in a third phenotype that is a blend (ex red and white make pink)

homozygous dominant: 2 copies of the functional allele
heterozygous: only 1 copy of the functional allele
homozygous recessive: 0 copies of the functional allele

Question 30

practice punnet squares

Answer 30

Ah

Question 31

practice punnet squares

Answer 31

Ah

Question 32

genotype

Answer 32

the actual letter part