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Bio Lab I > Lesson 6: Bacteria > Flashcards

Lesson 6: Bacteria Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

prokaryotes

A

species with cells lacking membrane-bound organelles

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2
Q

eukaryotes

A

membrane bound organelles

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3
Q

domains

A

includes archaea, bacteria, eukarya

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4
Q

domain archaea

A

kingdom arcaebacteria which are all prokaryotes

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5
Q

domain bacteria

A

kingdom bacteria, the most abundant organisms on earth

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6
Q

domain eukarya

A

includes kingdom plantae, fungi, Animalia, protists

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7
Q

extremophiles

A

archaeabacteria that have persisted in environments that are often extremely acidic, hot or salty

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8
Q

heterotrophic

A

most bacteria are heterotrophic, meaning that they derive their energy from organic molecules made by other organisms

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9
Q

decomposers

A

heterotrophic bacteria are decomposers because they feed on dead organic matter and release nutrients locked in dead tissue

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10
Q

autotrophic

A

bacteria that derive their energy from photosynthesis or the oxidation of inorganic molecules

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11
Q

fission

A

asexual reproduction of bacteria. cell DNA replicates and pinches in half.

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12
Q

conjugation

A

bacteria can exchange genetic material with other bacteria through this process which allows for diversity

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13
Q

unicellularity (prokaryotes vs eukaryotes)

A

all prokaryotes are single celled while eukaryotes are not

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14
Q

cell size(prokaryotes vs eukaryotes)

A

bacterial cells are way smaller than eukaryotic cells

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15
Q

chromosomes (prokaryotes vs eukaryotes)

A

prokaryotic DNA is one circle while eukaryotic DNA is sorted into chromosomes

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16
Q

cell division(prokaryotes vs eukaryotes)

A

bacteria use binary fission, eukaryotes use mitosis

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17
Q

internal compartmentalization(prokaryotes vs eukaryotes)

A

bacteria have no internal membranes

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18
Q

flagella(prokaryotes vs eukaryotes)

A

bacteria flagella are way more simplistic than eukaryotic flagella

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19
Q

metabolic diversity(prokaryotes vs eukaryotes)

A

prokaryotes have many more metabolic abilities that eukaryotes do not

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20
Q

pathogenic

A

bacteria that cause diseases

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21
Q

gram stain

A

a technique to classify bacteria based on the different structural and chemical compositions of bacterial cell walls

22
Q

gram positive

A

have a thick cell wall that retains purple dye and is single membrane

23
Q

gram negative

A

double membrane, turns red

24
Q

nitrogen fixation

A

certain bacteria and cyanobacteria transform atmospheric nitrogen into other nitrogen compounds that can be used as nutrients by plants. this process uses an enzyme called nitrogenase, to take atmospheric oxygen and put it in liquid.

25
Q

nodules

A

a result of nitrogen fixing bacterium growing with the roots

26
Q

sensitivity plate

A

a Petri dish of solid medium that has been uniformly inoculated on its entire surface with a known bacterium or an unknown sample from an infected patient

27
Q

cyanobacteria

A

major group of photosynthetic bacteria that grow in many environments. contains chlorophyll a, phycocyanin, phycoerythrin

28
Q

chlorophyll a

A

green pigment

29
Q

phycocyanin

A

blue accessory pigment

30
Q

phycoerythrin

A

red accessory pigment

31
Q

sheath

A

bacteria that grow as long filaments whose exterior is covered by a layer known as a sheath

32
Q

shape of bacteria that is long and rod shaped

A

bacillus

33
Q

spherical shape

A

coccus

34
Q

spiral shape

A

spirillum

35
Q

chemoautotroughs

A

an organism, typically a bacterium, which derives energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds. first form of life

36
Q

pathogenic bacteria is killed by

A

antibiotics

37
Q

bacteria are diploid or haploid

A

all haploid

38
Q

when both cells benefit from relationship with each other

A

mutualism

39
Q

IN MUTUALISM, where are the bacteria?

A

in the cells

40
Q

a Petri dish of solid medium that has been uniformly inoculated on its entire surface with a known bacterium or an unknown sample from an infected patient LOOK AT PAGE 260

A

sensitivity plate

41
Q

purpose of the sheath is?

A

protection

42
Q

do adjacent cells share a sheath?

A

yes

43
Q

bacteria make something as protection

A

make antibodies

44
Q

SPECIAL nitrogen fixing cell

A

heterocyst- found on cyanobacteria

45
Q

how to tell if a antibiotic is sucessfull

A

look at the sensitivity plate and figure out if it has a halo or no. no halo means not successful, halo means successful (not how large it is = more successful, that is only because of diffusion)

46
Q

cyanobacteria

A

are green (photosynthetic)

  • they have slime barrier so India ink can’t permeate
  • most produce slime for protection
47
Q

Colonial

A
  • work together but can independently survive
48
Q

in mutualism, what does the bacteria benefit

A

gets nutrient from host

49
Q

in mutualism, what does the cell benefit

A

nitrogen supply from bacterium

50
Q

oil immersion theory

A

the 100x ;ens has diffraction so you use oil (same Optical density) to stop this

51
Q

how to do a gram stain

A

use crystal violet (or India ink), then grams iodine then remove with di water then use safranin-O

Bio Lab I (12 decks)

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